作为石墨烯家族的最新一员,石墨烯量子点(GQDs)除了具有石墨烯的优异性能,还因量子限制效应和边界效应而展现出一系列新的特性,因此吸引了化学、物理、材料和生物等各领域科学家的广泛关注.仅近两三年内,关于这种新型零维材料的研究,在实验和理论方面均取得了极大进展.本文主要介绍制备GQDs的两大类方法——自上而下和自下而上的方法.前者包括水热法、电化学法和化学剥离碳纤维法,后者则主要介绍溶液化学法、超声波法和微波法、可控热解多环芳烃法.另外还对一些制备条件较为苛刻的制备方法如电子束刻蚀法和钌催化富勒烯C60开笼法也作了简要介绍,并对GQDs的应用前景进行了展望.%As the latest member of graphene families, graphene quantum dots ( GQDs) have excellent performances conferred by graphene. Besides, it exhibits additional marvelous properties due to quantum confinement and edge effects. So it has attracted more and more attention from scientists in aspects of chemistry, physical, materials, biology and so on. In the past two and three years, significant advances in both the experimental and theoretical fronts have been made for this new sort of zero-dimensional materials. In this paper, we introduce the synthetic methods of GQDs, focusing on two main approaches ( top-down and bottom-up). Top-down approach consists of hydrothermal methods, electrochemical strategies and chemical exfoliation of carbon fibers. Bottom-up method mainly involves solution chemistry methods, ultrasonic and microwave preparation and controlled pyrolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We also give some brief introduce to some special methods such as electro-beam lithography and ruthenium-catalyzed C60 transformation which need harsh preparation conditions, and we make a perspect for the applications of GQDs in the future.
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