过渡金属硅卡拜、锗卡拜、锡卡拜和铅卡拜是过渡金属分别与硅、锗、锡和铅之间形成三键的化合物。自从1996年首次发现钼锗卡拜以来，相继得到了一系列过渡金属锗卡拜、锡卡拜和铅卡拜化合物，而首例过渡金属硅卡拜则于2010年得以成功制备，标志着过渡金属与第14族元素之间形成三键的空白被全部填满。这些化合物的出现大大丰富和完善了过渡金属主族元素化学在成键、结构和反应方面的内容，引起化学界的重视。本文结合这方面最新的实验研究进展，系统全面总结了这些化合物的合成、结构和反应性，并对该领域的发展前景作了讨论。%Transition metal silylynes, germylynes, stannylynes and plumbylynes containing metal-element triple bonds are heavier homologues of transition metal carbynes. Since the discovery of the first transition metal germylyne complex in 1996, the whole series have been synthesized including the successful preparation of a molybdenum silylyne complex in 2010, which could be considered as a milestone in the transition metal chemistry of main group elements. These novel complexes have extended our knowledge of the bonding types between transition metals and main group elements and reveal the rich chemistry of metal-element triple bonds. This review covers the syntheses, structures and reactivity of transition metal germylynes, stannylynes, plumbylynes and silylynes which were reported from 1996 to present. Future developments in this area are discussed.
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