In order to reduce the delay of communication system that affects the performance of unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAVs) , a low latency video coding frame structure is proposed based on deep analysis of the effects of video coding transmission in tracking and communication system.The algorithm makes the steam of I⁃frame average to the stream of P⁃frame by introducing the mode of the intra⁃refresh,making each frame get an average as much as possible after compression, thus reducing coding delay of the send buffer. One frame of picture is divided into multiple slices for parallel encoding according to the independence of slice coding mode,thus reducing the coding delay.Meanwhile,the bi⁃directional prediction mode of B⁃frame is removed to reduce the delay of frame order.Experiments are made using a new generation coding standard of HEVC for simulation and analysis. The result shows that the stream size of each frame has been averaged as much as possible after compression without lowering the quality of video coding significantly,and the delay of video compression transmission in the tracking and communication system has been reduced effectively.%为降低测控通信系统延迟对无人飞行器性能影响，在深入分析影响测控通信视频编码传输延迟基础上，提出了一种适合于测控通信传输的低时延视频编码传输帧结构。算法引入帧内刷新编码方式将 I 帧码流平均到其他P 帧中，使得压缩后各帧编码码流尽可能得到平均，从而减少编码发送缓冲区延迟；根据 slice 编码方式的独立性将一帧图像分成多个slice并行编码模式以减少编码处理延迟；同时去除双向预测编码 B 帧模式以减少帧排序延迟。实验采用新一代HEVC标准进行仿真分析，结果表明算法在不明显降低视频编码质量前提下，使得压缩后各帧码流大小尽可能平均，有效地减少了测控通信系统中视频压缩传输延迟。
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