从经济学视角对水稻主产区湖南农业生产外部性环境价值进行评估,有助于重新审视类似区域现代农业全面价值.运用揭示偏好法和陈述偏好法等环境经济学价值评估方法,对2014年湖南农业(狭义种植业)生产产生的正外部性间接价值进行评估,探讨农田生态系统正外部性环境价值及其提升策略.结果表明,农业生产正外部性价值(间接价值)包括有固碳释氧、涵养水源、维持营养物质循环、净化大气与土壤保持等5项功能.2014年湖南农业生产正外部性价值共计271.57亿元,占当年种植业GDP(直接价值)的13.44%.其中固碳释氧、涵养水源、维持营养物质循环、净化大气与土壤保持等5项功能正外部性价值分别为79.62、63.86、62.82、5.03和60.24亿元.研究结果深化了人们对农业全面价值的认识,从宏观视阈为国家农业政策和补贴提供依据.因此,提升农业外部性价值要以供给侧改革为契机,为新型农户提供信息与现代技术,为传统循环农业模式现代化改造提供政策支持,开辟多功能农业经营的新路径.%Assessment of valuation from economics perspectives on agricultural production externalities of Hunan Province, a primary rice production area, can aid the evaluation of the full value of modern agriculture in similar regions. This paper applies valuation methods of environmental economics such as revealed preference theory and stated preference methods to estimate the indirect value of positive externalities generated from Hunan's agriculture industry (specifically, crop farming) in 2014. Further, the paper studies the positive external value of farmland ecosystem and explores how to promote such ecosystem. The results show that Hunan's agriculture produces five positive externalities: carbon fixation and oxygen release, water conservation, nutrition circulation, air purification and soil conservation. The positive external value sums to 27.157 billion yuan or about 13.44% of total farming GDP in Hunan in 2014. The value of carbon fixation and oxygen release, water conservation, nutrition circulation, air purification and soil conservation is estimated to be 7.962, 6.386, 6.282, 0.503, 6.024 billion yuan respectively. The findings indicate that people should understand the true value of agriculture in a holistic way. In addition, at the macro level, government may base our results to better design agricultural and subsidiary policies. We conclude that to achieve positive externalities in agriculture, government should take the advantage of supply side reform to provide information and modern technology to the new generation of farmers, to implement policies that support the traditional recycling agriculture model modernization, and to open up a new path of multi-functional agricultural operations.
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