为了研究浅基础地基破坏机理,在传统的标点法基础上,增加一种自制的土体内部位移测量装置,对承受竖向荷载的浅基础进行了室内的平面相似模型试验;重点研究地基土体随加载过程的位移变形直至破坏的全过程.研究结果表明:随着荷载的增大,基础下地基土的位移不同程度地向竖向和水平方向发展,基础临近地表也有隆起变形,隆起的高度和内部土体位移测量装置测得的数据相一致.根据实验结果得到的滑动面形状和太沙基地基破坏滑动面形状类似;但是基础正下方的压密区的弹性核接近一个倒置梯形,下底约为上底的四分之一.研究结果为浅基础地基破坏模式的建立提供了参考依据.%In order to study the failure mechanism of the shallow foundation, on the basis of the traditional punctuation, add a homemade soil internal displacement measurement devices,do a plane similar model test on shallow foundation subjected to vertical loads focusing on deformation of foundation soil displacement until the whole process of destruction, the research shows that with the increase of load the displacement of foundation soil continuous development along the vertical and horizontal directions,surface modification also uplift,the swell value coincides with the data of the displacement measuring device measured.The shape of the sliding surface obtained according to the experimental results is similar with Terzaghi damage sliding surface shape,but the elastic core below the base is an inverted trapezoid which upper floor is almost a quarter of the lower base.The results provide theoretical references for building the failure mode of the shallow foundation.
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