为比较野生和栽培红毛五加形态、光合、光谱及生理特征差异,制定合理的红毛五加人工栽培方案提供技术支持,对野生与栽培红毛五加叶片的外部形态与解剖特征、光合气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶片及冠层光谱特性及以刺五加苷E、绿原酸为代表的次生代谢产物含量进行比较.①与野生红毛五加叶片相比,栽培红毛五加叶片厚度、叶面积明显增加,叶片长宽比明显减少,栅栏组织较厚而海绵组织较薄;②栽培红毛五加光合速率及光能利用率较高;③野生和栽培红毛五加都具有典型的植株反射光谱特征,但同野生红毛五加相比,栽培红毛五加叶片和冠层光谱在近红外波段的反射率都较高,一阶导数光谱中的红边振幅和红边面积也较大,红边位置红移10 nm;④2009年所测的栽培红毛五加茎皮中的绿原酸、刺五加苷E含量较野生红毛五加,栽培6年后,上述两种成分含量有所上升,且刺五加苷E含量符合《四川省中药材标准》相关标准.结果表明光照条件的改变影响着红毛五加的叶片形态,充足的光照有利于红毛五加的光合作用和正常生长,研究结果将有助于指导红毛五加的人工驯化栽培工作.%Comparing the differences on morphology, photosynthesis, spectral and physiological characteristics of the wild and cultivated Acanthopanax giraldii Harms is presented, in order to provide technical support for formulating artificial cultivation method of the Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.The external morphology and anatomic structure,photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf and canopy spectral characteristic and the content of eleutheroside E and chlorogenic acid as the representative of secondary metabolites were compare.It is obtained: ①The leaves of wild Acanthopanax giraldii Harms have small size,and it's spongy tissue is rather thin.The leaves of cultivated Acanthopanax giraldii Harms have big size,and it's palisade tissue is rather thick.The stomatal density of them are small.②Photosynthetic rate and light use efficiency are higher in cultivated Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, while the content of photosynthetic pigment is higher in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.③ Both wild and cultivated Acanthopanax giraldii Harms have typical characteristics of plant reflectance spectrum.But compared with wild Acanthopanax giraldii Harms,the reflectance of the near infrared bands of the leaf and canopy spectra of cultivated Acanthopanax giraldii Harms are higher,the red edge amplitude and the red edge area are also larger in the first-order derivative spectra,red edge position has a redshift of 10 nm.④The contents of chlorogenic acid and medofenoxate glycoside E of the cultivated Acanthopanax giraldii Harms are lower than them of the wild Acanthopanax giraldii Harms determinated at 2009.After 6 years of cultivation,the content of the above two components has increased.The contents of medofenoxate glycoside E reached the requirements of the determination of the content of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms in the standard of 《Chinese medicinal materials in Sichuan province》.It is concluded that change of light condition affect the shape of the leaves of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms and the sufficient light is good for the photosynthesis and normal growth of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms,the research results will be helpful to guide the artificial domestication cultivation of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.
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