With the reality of Chinese three dimensional rural issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers and the strategic requirements of long-term development of national agricultural science and technology, knowledge alliance among the four main agricultural knowledge sources including agricultural colleges, agricultural enterprises, rural grassroots organizations and farmers should be built to develop collaborative innovation. We illustrated this by the case of agricultural colleges, one of the important entities of agricultural knowledge creation and spreading. We discussed the theory construction, such as definition, characterization, content and operation model. We also proposed the three levels of measures should be taken by government, inter colleges and intra college, including the macroscopic level, building of system environment for collaborative innovation by government; the middle level, creation of operation mechanism of collaboration and communication among government enterprise college; and the microcosmic level, reform of organizational structure and incentive policy of agricultural colleges.%我国“三农”的现实性和国家农业科技长远发展的战略要求,决定了农业知识源头的大学、涉农企业、农村基层组织、农户之间必须构建知识联盟关系,开展协同创新.以农业知识创造与传播主体之一的农业院校为例,从协同创新的定义、特征、内容、运行模式等理论建构入手,分别从宏观、中观、微观3个层面提出了政府、校际以及校内等不同管理层次所应采取的相关措施,即宏观层面:政府营造协同创新的制度环境；中观层面:构建政产学合作、交流的运行机制；微观层面:改革农业院校的组织结构和激励政策.
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