This paper discusses the constraints to further development of modern computer. The limits of IC manufacturing technology and defects of Von Neumann architecture will be two major bottlenecks in computer development. Discussed the present situation of non-Von Neumann architecture computer development .The photonic computer and artificial neural computer has great room for development and market prospects.%本文探讨了制约现代计算机进一步发展的主要因素，指出基础硬件IC生产技术的极限和冯·诺依曼体系结构的缺陷将成为计算机发展的两大瓶颈。讨论了非冯·诺依曼结构计算机发展的现状，提出了光子计算机和人工神经计算机将拥有极大发展空间与市场前景的观点。
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