[Objective] Soil microbial biomass plays an important role as a dynamic sink of nutrients. Soil microbial biomass turnover was evaluated after long-term fertilizer application to understand the influence of fertilization on nutrients cycling and nutrients available for plant uptake. [Method] Using soil samples taken from long-term fertilization field of N, P, K fertilizers, organic manure cycling or half amount of rice straw, soil microbial biomass, microbial biomass turnover and grain yield of rice (Oriza sativa L.) under fertilization were determined. [Result] P fertilizer application increased soil microbial biomass N and C, microbial biomass N turnover and grain yield by 13.2%, 33.1%, 31.2% and 173.4% averagely compared to P fertilizer-omitted treatments. Organic manure application only increased soil microbial biomass N and C, and grain yield by 36.1%, 28.1% and 68.1%, and decreased soil microbial biomass N turnover by 4.3% averagely compared to CK. Incorporation of inorganic and organic fertilizer increased soil microbial biomass N and C, microbial biomass N turnover and grain yield, NPKC and NPKS treatments increased respectively by 40.1%, 26.3%, 177.1%, 204.1% and 36.1%, 20.9%, 192.9%, 203.3% compared to CK. [Conclusion] Incorporation of inorganic and organic fertilizers increased soil available nutrients sink, soil nutrients cycling and nutrients available for plant uptake to high soil productivity.%[目的]土壤微生物生物量是土壤重要的活性养分库.研究长期不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量的周转特性,探究施肥对土壤养分转化与供应能力的影响.[方法]对田间长期单施或配施无机氮肥(N)、无机磷肥(P)、无机钾肥(K)、有机质循环(C)及1/2秸秆回田(S)的试验进行采样分析,研究不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量、微生物量氮周转及水稻产量变化.[结果]施用磷肥有利于提高土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量氮周转速率以及作物产量,比未施用磷肥处理平均提高了13.2％、33.1％、31.2％及173.4％.单施有机肥也有利于提高土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和作物产量,比对照提高了36.1％、28.1％和68.1％,但微生物量氮周转速率降低了4.3％.有机无机肥配合施用显著提高了土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量氮周转速率及水稻产量,NPKC和NPKS处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物生物量氮周转速率及水稻产量分别比对照高40.1％、26.3％、177.1％、204.1％和36.1％、20.9％、192.9％、203.3％.[结论]有机无机肥配施能够提高土壤活性养分库,增强土壤养分转化和供给能力,提高稻田生产力.
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