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首页> 中文期刊> 《林业科学》 >不同采收成熟度和堆沤方式对香榧种子堆沤后熟品质的影响

不同采收成熟度和堆沤方式对香榧种子堆沤后熟品质的影响

         
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摘要

[Objective]The seed quality of Torreya grandis'Merrillii'with different harvest maturity and retting methods was investigated to preliminarily study the variation of the seed quality during after-ripening period in response to the harvest maturity and retting methods. [Method]We measured oil content,fatty acid compositions,soluble protein content,soluble sugars content,starch content,and the distance between seed kernel and coat of T. grandis'Merrillii'seeds with different harvest maturity (nearly-matured seeds,matured seeds) and retting methods (one-time retting,twice retting). [Result]Compared with the nearly-matured seeds,the matured seeds had obviously lower content of soluble sugar and starch,and their soluble protein and oil content increased obviously,especially the oil content increased by 5. 6%. The changes in oleic acid and Eicosatrienoic acid were not significant,linoleic acid content,the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and the distance between seed kernel and coat all significantly increased (P<0. 05). The effect of different retting methods on the quality of T. grandis'Merrillii'was significant. During retting period,the content of soluble sugars and starch in the twice retting seeds showed a decreasing trend,while the content of oil and soluble protein were increasing. When one-time retting (14 d ) and twice retting ( 21 d ) finished,the content of starch in the seeds was 8. 87 mg·g -1 and 9. 03 mg·g -1 , respectively. The content of soluble protein was 23. 05 mg·g -1 and 22. 79 mg·g -1 ,respectively. The content of soluble sugars was 18. 25 mg·g -1 and 17. 85 mg·g -1 ,respectively. The oil content was 55. 16% and 54. 90%,respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0. 05) between the two retting methods. During after-ripening period,the saturated fatty acid decreased,unsaturated fatty acid content increased. The content of oleic acid decreased with the prolongation of ripening time,and the content of linoleic acid increased obviously. There was no significant effect of the different retting methods on the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid content at the end of after-ripening (P >0. 05). The distance between seed kernel and coat all increased,and the growth rate was faster with one-time retting,reaching a peak of 477 μm at 14 days ( after-ripening finished ) ,7 days earlier to finish after-ripening deastringency compared with twice retting.[Conclusion]Harvest at matured seeds of T. grandis'Merrillii'can significantly improve the soluble protein content and oil content of the kernel,increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids,especially linoleic acid,help stripping off kernel coat during T. grandis'Merrillii'frying process,and then improve quality of T. grandis'Merrillii'products. Using one-time retting to replace traditional twice retting can accelerate the process of T. grandis'Merrillii'after-ripening,also can achieve the same effect as traditional method to ensure good quality of T. grandis'Merrillii'products.%[目的]通过比较不同采收成熟度和堆沤方式处理下香榧种子在堆沤后熟过程中品质的差异,探讨香榧种子堆沤后熟品质对采收成熟度和堆沤方式的响应.[方法]以香榧种子为材料,测定不同采收成熟度(青果,裂果)和堆沤方式(一次堆沤,二次堆沤)处理下香榧种子后熟过程中的含油率、脂肪酸组成、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、种仁与种衣间距等指标.[结果]与青果比较,香榧裂果时采摘,可溶性糖和淀粉含量明显下降,可溶性蛋白和含油率则显著升高,尤其是含油率增加了5.6%.油酸和金松酸变化不显著,亚油酸含量、不饱和/饱和脂肪酸的比值和种仁与种衣的间距均呈现明显增加(P<0.05).不同堆沤方式对香榧后熟过程中营养品质的影响显著,在香榧的后熟进程中,2种堆沤方式处理下可溶性糖和淀粉含量均呈现不断下降趋势,含油率和可溶性蛋白含量则不断上升,一次堆沤(14天)和二次堆沤(21天)结束时,种仁淀粉含量分别为8.87和9.03 mg·g-1;可溶性蛋白含量分别为23.05和22.79 mg·g-1;可溶性糖含量分别为18.25和17.85 mg·g-1;含油率分别为55.16%和54.90%,均无显著差异(P>0.05).香榧种子在堆沤后熟过程中,饱和脂肪酸下降,不饱和脂肪酸含量上升,随着后熟时间的延长,油酸含量出现下降,亚油酸则呈现明显上升,2种堆沤方式对后熟结束时不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量的比值无显著影响(P>0.05);种仁与种衣间距均呈现不断增大趋势,一次堆沤处理下种仁与种衣间距增大速率更快,在14天间距达到峰值477μm,完成了香榧后熟脱涩,比二次堆沤提前了7天.[结论]香榧在假种皮开裂(裂果)时采摘可明显提高种仁的可溶性蛋白含量和含油率,增加香榧种子中不饱和脂肪酸尤其是亚油酸的含量,有助于香榧炒制过程中的脱衣,从而提高香榧产品品质.对裂果采摘的种子进行一次堆沤,来替代传统二次堆沤,既能在时间上加快香榧后熟进程,又能达到传统二次堆沤一样的效果,保证香榧产品的优良品质.

著录项

  • 来源
    《林业科学》 |2017年第11期|43-51|共9页
  • 作者

    叶珊; 王为宇; 周敏樱; 何煜明; 庄志城; 喻卫武; 吴家胜; 宋丽丽;

  • 作者单位

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

    浙江省杭州市临安区农林推广中心林特站 杭州 311300;

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

    浙江农林大学 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 榧;
  • 关键词

    香榧; 采收成熟度; 后熟方式; 品质; 脂肪酸组分;

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