以山东省农业科学院作物研究所新近育成的优质面包小麦济南17号、955159和优质高产面条小麦935031为材料，选择不同气候、生态条件和不同地力水平的菏泽市(鲁西南区)和陵县(鲁北区)研究氮肥不同施用时期和不同施用量对小麦籽粒和面粉品质的影响，结果表明：氮肥的施用时期和施用水平对小麦多项品质性状都有不同程度的影响。在春季追肥期的对比研究中，起身期追肥有关品质指标都较低，综合品质差；拔节期以后施肥对改善籽粒品质和面粉品质都有重要的促进作用。拔节期和孕穗期2次追肥对提高蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值以及面团稳定时间等具有明显的效果。在氮肥用量上，各项品质性状以75kg/hm2的施N处理最差，纯N施用量在150～300kg/hm2范围内有利于提高综合品质。在小麦高、中产水平条件下，增施氮肥仍是一项改善和提高小麦品质的重要措施。%The experiments were conducted to study the effect of nitrogen applying date and applying amount on grain quality and flour quality with the varifies, Jinan 17, 955159 that have high quality for making bread and the new line 935031 that has high quality for noodle. Two experimental sites were selected based on different ecological, climatic enviroments and soil properties. The result showed that both the applying date and amount of nitrogen affected most of the quality characteristics. The grain quality and flour quality were improved greatly for nitrogen application from stem elongation to flag leaf emergence stage compmed with early inter- nod elongation stage. Same amount of nitrogen that divided into two times for top - dressing even got better result to protein content, wet gluten contem, sedimentation value and stability time. Nitrogen applying amount arranged from 150kg to 300kg per hectare could improve quahty to certain degree than that in lower nitrogen application level. It's still an effective measure to improve quality by high - level nitrogen application under the conditions of high or middle soil properties.
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