目的：比较青年和中年重度抑郁症（ MDD）患者认知功能障碍的特点。方法选择重度MDD患者40例（ MDD组）、健康体检者34例（对照组）。以40岁为界将两组再分为中年（年龄＞40岁）、青年（年龄≤40岁）。采用动物流畅性测验（AFT）、数字符号编码测验（SDMT）、霍普金斯词语学习测验—修订版（HVLT－R）、简易视觉空间记忆测验—修订版（ BVMT－R）、Stroop色词测验（ SCWT）和连线测验（ TMT）评价各组认知功能。结果 MDD组HVLT－R、BVMT－R、AFT和SDMT评分均低于对照组（P均＜0．05），TMTA、TMTB连线时间高于对照组（P均＜0．05）。青年受试者中，MDD组HVLT－R、SDMT和AFT评分低于对照组（P均＜0．05），TMTA、TMTB连线时间长于对照组（P均＜0．05），BVMT－R 1试、BVMT－R的延迟回忆和回忆总数评分低于对照组（P均＜0．05）。中年受试者中，MDD 组BVMT－R的回忆总数和AFT评分低于对照组（P均＜0．05）。结论 MDD患者认知功能障碍主要表现为记忆力、注意力和执行功能等损害，其青年患者表现为认知功能的全面受损、中年患者仅表现为空间记忆和精神运动速度受损。%Objective To compare the features of cognitive dysfunction in young and middle-aged patients with major depression disorder (MDD).Methods Forty MDD patients (MDD group) and 34 healthy subjects (control group) were collected.The subjects were divided into the young group ( less than or equal to 40) and middle-aged ( more than 40) group. The cognitive function was evaluated with animal fluency test ( AFT) , symbol digit modalities test ( SDMT) , Hopkins verbal learning test-revised (HVLT-R), brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R), Stroop color word test (SCWT) and trail making test ( TMT) .Results The scores of HVLT-R, BVMT-R, AFT and SDMT of the MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05);the scores of TMTA and TMTB were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05).In the young group, the scores of HVLT-R, AFT and SDMT of MDD group were signifi-cantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05); the scores of TMTA and TMTB were significantly higher than those of the control group ( all P<0.05);the scores of delayed recall and total learning number of BVMT-R were significant-ly lower than those of the control group.In the middle-aged group, the scores of total learning number of BVMT-R and AFT were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05).Conclusions The main domains of cognitive impair-ment of patients with MDD are memory, attention and executive function.The cognition of young MDD patients was extensive-ly impaired.The spatial memory and psychomotor speed were impaired in middle-aged MDD patients.
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