Objective To investigate the expression of TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) ,and its association with occurrence and development of the disease .Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 in both VSCC (n= 25) and normal vulvas tissues(n=15) .Then we analyzed the relationship between the expression of TβR Ⅱ ,Smad4 protein and clinical and patho-logical data of patients with VSCC.Results The expression of TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 in VSCC was significantly lower than that in normal vulva skin tissue( P < 0.05) ;the expression of TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 in VSCC tissue of Ⅲ stage was significantly lower than that of stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ ( P < 0.05) ;the expression of TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 in cases with lymph node metastasis was lower than those without lymph node metastasis(P < 0 .05) ;the expression of TβR Ⅱand Smad4 in moderately and poorly differentiated VSCC was lower than those in well differentiated VSCC( P <0.05) .The Pearson correlation analysis showed that TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 expression was positively correlated in vulva squamous cell carcinoma .Conclusion Both the low expression of TβR Ⅱ and Smad4 protein were associated with occurrence and development of the VSCC .%目的：探讨转化生长因子Ⅱ型受体（TβR Ⅱ）和 Smad4蛋白与外阴鳞癌的发生发展关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测 TβR Ⅱ和 Smad4在25例外阴鳞癌及15例外阴正常皮肤中的表达情况，并收集外阴鳞癌患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果 TβR Ⅱ和 Smad4蛋白在外阴鳞癌中的表达明显低于外阴正常皮肤（ P ＜0.05）；在外阴鳞癌Ⅲ期中表达明显低于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期（ P ＜0.05），在有淋巴结转移中明显低于无淋巴结转移，在中低分化中表达明显低于高分化（ P ＜0.05）。 Pearson 相关性分析结果表明：TβR Ⅱ和 Smad4在外阴鳞癌中的表达呈正相关。结论 TβR Ⅱ和 Smad4的低表达与外阴鳞癌的发生和发展有关。
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