Objective To study the risk factors of oral mucosal disease in the aged .Methods Eighty cases of elderly patients with oral mucosa disease in our hospital(August 2013 — August 2014) were regarded as the ob‐servation group ,and 80 cases of older persons without oral mucosa disease were chosen as the control group . Questionnalres was performed in both groups for the content of per capita monthly income of family ,diet ,brush‐ing habits and state of health ,and all those data were analyzed .Results There were no significant differences in per capita monthly income of family as well as drinking ratio between the two groups ( P > 0•05) .The observa‐tion group′s proportion of eating spicy food ,smoked ,hot food and smoking was significantly higher than that in the control group ,and the difference comparison was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .The observation group′s proportion of brushing teeth at every morning and evening (21•2% ) and brushing gently as well as carefully (36•2% ) was significantly lower than that in the control group (47•5% ,55•5% ) .The difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0•05) .State of health of the two groups are distinctly different ,and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0•05) .The proportions of crown and root in oral and poor restoration of the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,and the difference of the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0•05) .Conclusion Irritant diet ,bad state of health ,crown and root and poor restoration in oral will increase the rates of oral mucosal disease in elderly patients .Brushing your teeth gen‐tly and carefully can help protect the oral cavity and reduce the incidence of oral mucosal disease.%目的：研究老年人口腔黏膜病相关危险因素。方法选取我院2013年8月至2014年8月接诊的80名老年口腔黏膜病患者作为观察组，另选80名无口腔黏膜病的老年人作为对照组。对2组人员进行问卷调查，内容为家庭人均月收入、饮食习惯、刷牙习惯、健康状况以及口腔环境等，分析比较2组调查对象的家庭人均月收入、饮食习惯、刷牙习惯、健康状况以及口腔环境。结果2组调查对象在家庭人均月收入方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0•05）。观察组食用辛辣食品、烟熏食品、烫饮食等的比例以及抽烟比例明显高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0•05）。观察组每天坚持早晚刷牙的比例（21•2％）以及轻柔、仔细刷牙的比例（36•2％）明显低于对照组（分别为47•5％、55•5％），2组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0•05）。2组调查对象的健康状况差异具有统计学意义（P＜0•05）。观察组口腔内存在残冠残根和存在不良修复体的比例均明显高于对照组，2组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0•05）。结论刺激性的饮食习惯、自身健康状况差以及残冠残根、不良修复体等会增加老年人口腔黏膜病患病率，刷牙时轻柔、仔细有助于保护口腔，降低口腔黏膜病的发生率。
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