The effect of boundary conditions on welding residual stress was discussed in this paper. Welding residual stress of high-strength steel for marine thick plate was simulated with the method of 3D thermo-elastic-plastic finite element. Effectiveness of the method was verified through test measurement. Then a study of the effect of boundary conditions on residual stress was developed. The results indicate that constraint locations and surface convection conditions have an impact on residual stress to a certain extent and structure restraint modes have a greater impact.% 计算了不同的换热边界、结构约束方式以及约束位置等条件下船用厚板高强钢焊接残余应力的大小及分布，并分析了这些边界条件对残余应力的影响。首先，采用数值模拟方法计算了厚板对接焊时的残余应力，并与试验结果进行比较，验证了数值模拟方法的有效性和准确性。然后，对不同的换热边界、结构约束方式及约束位置等条件下的焊接残余应力进行数值计算及分析。结果表明，换热边界及约束位置对残余应力的影响较小，而结构位移约束方式对残余应力的影响较大。
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