The restrictions of environment, the flow and increase of population, and the economic commercialization changed the patterns of land use in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang province during the Qing dynasty, so much so that the forest was gradually transformed into farmland, upland crops was promoted to a bigger scale, water conservancy facilities were continually built and then discarded, ecological system was constantly being consumed, the ecological environment was repeatedly deteriorated, and disasters like flood and drought came one after another.%环境的制约、人口的流入与增长以及经济的商品化，使清代浙江山区的土地利用模式发生了改变，森林逐渐变成耕地，旱地作物被推广，水利设施不断建而复废，生态系统不断地被消耗，生态环境不断恶化，水旱灾害频发。
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