Field investigation and soil sample analysis methods were adopted on the six long-term experiments in Hubei Wuhan Station, Chongqing Beibei Station, Hunan Wangcheng Station, Hunan Qiyang Station, Jiangxi Nanchang Station, Zhejiang Hangzhou Station, China. The amount of soil organic matter was increased higher by organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer significantly, average rate of soil organic increased was decreased year by year, and rate of summation of soil organic matter year increased to total amount of organic fertilizer input was decreased year by year. Amount of soil organic matter increase was limited by one fertilization method, and peak value of soil organic matter was more higher by organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer significantly. Amount of soil organic matter increase was not only related to amount of organic fertilizer but also crop yield.%依托湖北武汉、重庆北碚、湖南望城、湖南祁阳、江西南昌、浙江杭州6个水稻土壤肥力长期定位试验历史样品及数据,分析和讨论了土壤有机质含量变化趋势及对施化肥和有机肥的响应差异.施有机肥提升土壤有机质含量显著高于施化肥的效果.施化肥NPK处理,6个试验点土壤有机质含量都呈现提升趋势;但是,有机质平均年增量、有机质累计增量与累计有机肥施用量的比值都是逐年下降的,固定施肥方法提高土壤有机质含量是有限的,最高达到平衡点,施化肥的有机质含量的平衡点低于施有机肥的,土壤有机质含量提升不仅对施有机肥有响应,而且与累积产量也有一定的相关关系.
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