This paper introduces three thermal-match evaluation methods of TPS (thermal protection shield)/MS (metal structure) under in-orbit temperature alternation condition,including temperature alternation test,thermal stress theoretical calculation and FEA (finite element analysis).In view of the engineering experience,actual application is further presented according to the three methods for the evaluation of thermal match of TPS/MS which shows the respective characteristics.Temperature alternation test can qualitatively investigate the influence of temperature condition and bond thickness on the structure thermal-match property.Thermal stress theoretical calculation can quantify the data of thermal stress to some extent.FEA can provide the quantification results,including thermal stress and deformation at any time and position,that show great application dominance.Based on the comparison and analysis,suggestion is indicated in terms of combination of temperature alternation test and FEA to achieve the exact evaluation of thermal match of TPS/MS and verify the validity of thermal protection structure design.%概述了在轨温度交变环境下再入航天器防热层/金属结构热匹配的3种评价方法——温度交变试验、热应力理论计算和有限元模型分析.结合工程实际,介绍了3种方法的应用情况和应用特点:温度交变试验可以定性研究温度交变环境及胶层厚度对结构热匹配特性的影响；热应力理论计算能够在一定程度上量化结构热应力等结果；有限元模型分析可以获得结构任意时刻、任意位置的热应力与热变形的量化数据,具有较大的应用优势.通过对比分析,建议采用温度交变试验与有限元模型分析相结合的方法,以实现防热层/金属结构热匹配特性的准确评价,最终验证防热结构方案设计的合理性.
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