介绍了目前国外提出的一种三元结构的火星采样返回任务方案,整个方案分3次发射,分别发射漫游车、着陆器和轨道器,每次发射间隔为4年,最终目的是将火星样品带回地球。该方案的优势在于,通过3次发射分别完成漫游车巡视勘察、着陆器现场探测、轨道器数据中继和在轨探测,最终综合完成火星采样返回,能够极大地缓解项目进度和资金压力,充分利用每次发射窗口分步骤完成探测任务。文章重点对方案涉及的关键技术进行了分析,包括样品获取与封装、行星保护、精准着陆、漫游车的危险规避能力和移动性、火星上升器、交会与样品捕获、地球再入器技术等;对方案的前景和优势进行了探讨,并给出几点启示,如精准着陆或成为今后行星探测着陆方式的新趋势,火星采样返回任务将是人类火星探测的里程碑,今后的深空探测任务趋向国际合作模式等。%A three-element Mars sample return concept is introduced. A rover, a lander and an orbiter will be launched respectively at interval of four years. The final goal of the concept is to return Mars samples to Earth. The concept of the mission includes a rover for rovering exploration, a lander for in-situ exploration and an orbiter for data delay and in-orbit exploration, with the ultimate goal of Mars sample return. This concept can release the pressure of project schedule and finance, take full use of each launch window and eomplete the goals step by step. Some key teehnologies are analyzed, including sample acquisition and encapsulation, planet protection, precise landing, hazards avoidanee and mobility of the rover, Mars ascent vehicle （MAV）, rendezvous and sample capture, Earth entry vehicle （EEV） and so on. The prospects and advantages of the concept are analyzed, and some enlightenment is also put forward. For example, precise landing will probably be a new trend for future＇s landing approach on planet; Mars sample return mission will be the milestone for future＇s Mars exploration; international cooperation will be a trend for future＇s deep space exploration.
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