Objective To know about the status of deciduous caries among 3-to-5-year-old Uyghur and Chinese children in Urumqi,so as to provide epidemiological foundation for the prevention of dental caries. Methods According to the Basic Methods in Oral Health Surveys :from World Health Organization and criteria recommended by The Third National Oral Health Investigation, the deciduous caries of 474 children aged fiom 3 to 5 years old in 9 kindergartens were clinically examined. The results were analyzed using SPSS17.0. Results The prevalence of deciduous caries of all samples was 58.86％. The mean dmft score was 3.69. Age and nation have statistical significance in the distribution of prevalence( P ＜ 0.05 ). Dental caries of mandibular second deciduous molar were significantly more common than caries of other teeth. Conclusions Deciduous caries of 3-to-5-year-old children occunred early in Urumqi, while filling rate was very low. The mean dmft and the prevalence of caries in early childhood were high. Necessary methods for prevention of deciduous caries must be taken into consideration as early as possible. Activity of propaganda using both languages should be enhanced.%目的 了解乌鲁木齐市3～5岁维、汉儿童的龋病患病状况.方法 根据世界卫生组织<口腔健康调查基本方法>和第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,随机抽样乌鲁木齐市各区9所双语幼儿园的474名3～5岁汉、维族儿童进行口腔调查,记录患龋率、龋均和充填率等指标.用SPSS17.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 乌鲁木齐市474名儿童乳牙患龋率为58.86%,龋均为3.6;患龋率在年龄段及民族分布上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).龋齿的充填率仅为5.43%,在年龄段、民族分布上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).样本中所有患龋儿童患龋率最高的牙位为下颌第二乳磨牙.结论 乌鲁木齐市3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋早,充填率低,患龋率和龋均高.建议早期开展儿童龋病的防治工作和加强双种语言文字的口腔防治的宣教活动.
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