针对载人登月任务中,登月舱上升级从月球表面上升入轨的制导问题,用显式制导法设计一种闭环的制导律.首先对共面发射入轨和异面发射入轨两种情形分别建立模型；然后,假设发动机推力固定,分别推导了显式制导律和基于极大值原理的燃料最优制导律,并进行了对比分析.以阿波罗飞船的参数进行仿真,结果表明显式制导法在综合考虑节省燃料、抗干扰和保证精度等因素后更具有优势,并且能很好地解决小角度异面发射的问题.因此,显式制导法具有更高的可靠性和灵活性,适合工程应用.%A closed-loop guidance law based on explicit guidance is designed for ascent from moon surface and injection of lunar module in manned lunar landing mission. Both coplanar and noncoplanar injection dynamics are presented. Under the condition of constant thrust , both explicit guidance and fuel-optimal guidance based on Pontryagin maximum principle are derived and compared. The numerical simulation is conducted under the condition of the given parameters of Apollo lunar module. The results indicate that explicit guidance is better comprehensively considering saving fuel, anti-interference? Ensuring accuracy etc. And it can well solve the problem of noncoplanar injection with a small angle. Therefore, explicit guidance is more suitable for engineering application due to its higher reliability and flexibility.
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