The term ＂pragmatics＂ is commonly used in two quite different senses. In linguistic discourse, ＂pragmaties＂ refers to the strategies （exploitation of shared knowledge, assumptions about communicative intent, etc.）, by which language communicative value in context. ＂ users relate the Pragmatics＂ in this applies to all language use. In language teaching, on dictionary/grammar meaning of utterances to their sense deals with what is not encoded in language, and the other hand, ＂pragmatics＂ generally refers to the encoding of particular communicative functions, especially those relevant to interpersonal exchanges, in specific grammatical and lexical elements of a given language. Confusion between the two senses leads to the common and mistaken claim that all the structures of a language encode two levels of meaning, ＂semantic＂ and ＂pragmatic,＂ both of which must be learnt for communicative competence. A further common claim, that earlier language teaching failed to consider pragmatic aspects of language, is equally unfounded.
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机译：A Sanskrit-Chinese Collation Study of the Larger Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra Grammar under the Framework of Chinese Historical Linguistics—A Case of the Chinese Translations of Sanskrit Instrumental, Ablative and Locative Nouns =汉语历史语言学框架中的《无量寿经》语法梵汉对勘研究——以梵语名词工
