目的：分析唐山地区成人社区获得性肺炎（CAP）患者感染革兰阴性菌的危险因素，为早期识别革兰阴性菌CAP和合理用药提供借鉴。方法2011年10月—2012年9月期间，选取唐山市行政区域内6所医院呼吸内科确诊为CAP的成人住院患者530例，收集患者一般资料、体格检查、辅助检查和病原学资料，依据以上资料计算患者预后研究小组评分（PORT）；采集患者痰标本进行致病菌检测。采用单因素Logistic回归和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP患者感染革兰阴性菌的危险因素。结果530例CAP患者中，172例（32.45%）患者检测出细菌195株，其中革兰阴性菌154株（78.97%），革兰阳性菌41株（21.03%）。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥65岁、入院前应用抗生素、合并基础疾病、合并脑血管疾病、营养不良、白细胞异常、中性粒细胞＜1×109/L、PORT≥Ⅲ级、总胆红素＞17.1μmol/L和血尿素氮＞7.1 mmol/L为CAP患者感染革兰阴性菌的可能危险因素。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，入院前应用抗生素（OR=2.327，95%CI为1.453～3.725），白细胞异常（OR=2.904，95%CI为1.879～4.490）， PORT≥Ⅲ级（OR=3.839，95%CI为2.427～6.071），血尿素氮＞7.1 mmol/L（OR=4.133，95%CI为2.585～6.606）为革兰阴性菌CAP的独立危险因素。结论入院前应用抗生素、白细胞异常、PORT≥Ⅲ级、血尿素氮＞7.1 mmol/L的CAP患者易感染革兰阴性菌，临床经验性抗感染治疗应考虑以上危险因素。%Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Gram-negative bacilli in Tangshan, and provide reference for the early identification of Gram-negative bac⁃teria CAP and the clinical use of antibiotics. Methods Data of retrospective general information, physical examination, aux⁃iliary examination and pathogen were collected in patients with CAP in respiratory department from 6 hospitals in Tangshan between October 2011 to September 2012. According to the above data, the prognosis of patients with the team score (PORT) was calculated. The sputum samples were isolated for pathogen identification. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli. Results A total of 195 strains were isolated from 172 (32.45%) patients in 530 patients with CAP. There were 154 strains of Gram-negative ba⁃cilli (78.97%) and 41 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (21.03%) in 195 bacterial strains. Univariate logistic regression anal⁃ysis showed the possible risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including age≥65 years old, using antibi⁃otics before hospitalization, basic diseases, cerebrovascular disease, malnutrion, white blood cell abnormal, neutrophil count<1 × 109/L, PORT classification≥Ⅲ, total bilirubin>17.1μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen>7.1 mmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the independent risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including us⁃ing antibiotics before hospitalization (OR=2.327, 95%CI 1.453-3.725), white blood cell abnormal (OR=2.904, 95%CI 1.879-4.490), PORT classification≥Ⅲ(OR=3.839, 95%CI 2.427-6.071), and blood urea nitrogen elevated (OR=4.133, 95%CI 2.585-6.606). Conclusion Clinical empirical anti-infection treatment should consider the risk factors including using antibiotics before hospitalization, white blood cell abnormal, PORT classification≥Ⅲ and blood urea nitrogen>7.1 mmol/L in patients with susceptible to Gram-negative bacteria infection.
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