Biodiversity has already become one of the hottest issues of biological and ecological studies. As a natural result of evolution on earth through billions of years,biodiversity constitutes the material basis for the survival and development of human society. It consists of both ecological complexity,including organisms and related environments,and related ecological processes. Biodiversity possesses great values,some of which remain unfound or unutilized yet. This paper in-troduces the significance of biological diversity and diversity of China’s biological status from the aspects of nature,human factor and regime,analyzes main reasons of species reduction,and proposes protection countermeasures.%生物多样性已成为生物学、生态学等学科最为热门的研究领域之一。它是地球生命经过几十亿年发展进化的结果，是人类社会生存和发展的物质基础，是生物及其与环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程的总和。生物多样性具有巨大的价值，且某些价值尚未被人类发现或利用。介绍了生物多样性的概念和我国生物多样性的现状，从自然、人为因素和制度等方面重点分析了物种减少的主要原因，提出了保护对策。
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