为了降低禽蛋运输破损率，优化禽蛋包装结构，该文分析了中国禽蛋运输包装与分级现状，应用力学理论设计新型聚氯乙烯（PVC，polyvinyl chloride），弹性薄壁禽蛋包装盒，利用质构仪测试比较当前流通蛋盒和新设计蛋盒空载和满载时的力学特性，分析包装在运输中禽蛋破损率随装载数量、载荷、位移和加载时间等影响因素的变化规律，检验包装盒对禽蛋的保护性能，测试包装盒的保护效果，然后对产品进行成本分析。结果表明：1）设计盒侧壁结构，当前流通PVC包装盒承受载荷为80～100 N，新型PVC包装盒承受载荷分别为90～130 N，新结构抗压能力增强；2）装载鸡蛋数量越多，整体抗载能力增强，满盒时抗载能力最大；3）与当前流通中同类型PVC包装盒比较，使用新PVC结构包装盒，禽蛋运输破损率降低了0.72%。该文通过包装盒的理论分析、试验验证，获得较佳禽蛋包装盒结构形式，通过成本比较，表明禽蛋新包装可以降低禽蛋破损率，减少成本。研究结果为禽蛋缓冲包装探索，无损运输包装设计机理打下理论基础，为蛋品包装提供了设计方法和试验途径。%With the establishment of the system of intensive poultry industrial chain of production and marketing, the integrated management of production, processing and sales of eggs is gradually implemented. Although it is greatly improved, the mechanization of China’s poultry industry is still facing the problems such as investment risk and low degree of automation, while mechanization is the foundation of poultry industrial chain. Moreover, the final quality of eggs also depends on its production date, temperature, cushioning packaging and storage. Eggs are easily damaged. Broken eggs are easy to breed microorganisms, which can contaminate other eggs, so there are about 10%-14% loss during circulation. The breakage rate of circulation can be reduced by packing. Recently, with the rapid development of information technology and electronic business, and the development of large-scale industrial projects, the brand awareness is gradually strengthened. The total consumption and per capita consumption level of China's packaging eggs are significantly improved. Some large-scale equipments, fragile agricultural products or objects (such as eggs) need lossless transport from the production base to the destination. The way of a quick, long-distance transport is demanded. Both the industrialization and automation package of egg industry and the long-distance non-destructive transport can be implemented by excellent packages, which have important implications for reducing the breakage rate of eggs, improving the packaging efficiency and reducing the labor costs. In this paper, the theoretical study of the mechanical properties of packaging made in the elastic slice was performed, different transport packagings of eggs were designed, and then the experiments for mechanical properties of the packaging with no load and full load were carried out bythe texture analyzer (TMS-PRO, from America). Using the experimental design method, the changes in breakage rate with the variation factors were analyzed, the protective packaging for eggs and the protective effect of egg boxes were detected, and then the product costing and the feasibility of industrial production were analyzed, in order to reduce eggs’ breakage rate of transport, and improve the industrialized automatic production line for the packaging of eggs. The results were presented in the paper: 1) The packaging box of Series C was feasible; 2) The arch structure design of C packaging could support the load of about 90-130 N, and X packaging could support the load of about 80-110 N; 3)The maximal loading capacity of the full box was better than that of the empty box; 4) The capacity of packaging box was significantly enhanced with the increase of eggs’ number in the box. In this paper, it was verified that egg breakage rate could be reduced in industrial production and transportation using the new cushioning package. The packaging design mechanism and method for lossless transport of eggs proposed in this paper can provide the reference for optimizing the packaging structure for eggs.
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