Pipeline leak detection and location technology is not only the core issue in pipeline safety study, but also the important part of public safety. This paper reviews the mainstream pipeline leak detection and location technologies in the world in three major areas:external detection, wall detection and internal flow state detection, and describes the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages and applicable conditions. Finally, combining with the status at home and abroad, a summary is proposed from three aspects: technology, economy and application, which thinks the internal flow state detection method will play a more and more important role in the future, especially the dynamic pressure wave method and acoustic method. Additionally the four key research directions of the internal flow state detection method are also disscussed.%管道泄漏检测与定位技术是管道安全研究领域的核心问题之一，也是公共安全的重要组成部分。本文从管外检测、管壁检测和管内流动状态检测三个方面综述了目前世界上主流的管道泄漏检测与定位技术，阐述了每种技术的机理、优缺点及适用条件。最后，本文结合目前国内外现状从技术、经济、应用三个层面对现有技术进行了总结，认为基于管内流动状态检测的方法将会在未来管道泄漏检测与定位领域发挥越来越重要的角色，尤其是基于动态压力波和声波的方法，并讨论了该方法中的四个关键研究方向。
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