From the perspective of the ecological environment, garbage belongs to pollutants, but from the resources side, garbage is a kind of promising renewable resource. The use of garbage as fuel to generate electricity, not only can clean up industrial waste, but also can resolve the lack of electricity and share a certain power pressure for the community. The location selection of garbage power generation plant is directly related to the future development of the entire garbage power generation plant, sometimes because of its location, it will cause social problems and affect caused the construction of power generation plant. The thesis analyzes the problems in location selection of garbage power generation plant, proposes the objectives and principles of the location selection, and elaborates the steps. Then, it introduces the theory and methods of fuzzy cognitive map model, analyzes the factors influencing the location selection of garbage power generation plant, establishes a dynamic factor influencing model and determines the calculation methods of the causal impact value of these factors. Finally, the basic theory of multi-objective optimization model is introduced, the sub-objective function is established respectively from the technical, economic, environmental and social aspects under certain assumptions, and the constraints are determined.%从生态环境角度来讲，垃圾是污染物，但从资源方面看，垃圾是一种很有前景的可再生资源。利用垃圾作为燃料来进行发电，不但清理了工业生活垃圾，也满足了电量不足，为社会分担了一定的发电压力。其中，垃圾发电厂的选址直接关系到了整个垃圾发电厂以后的发展，有时会因为垃圾发电厂的选址引起社会问题并影响发电厂的建设。论文首先分析了垃圾发电厂选址存在的问题，提出了垃圾发电厂选址的目标和原则，并阐述了垃圾发电厂选址的步骤。然后，介绍了模糊认知图模型的理论和方法，分析影响垃圾发电厂选址的因素，建立了动态的因素影响模型，并确定了因素之间因果影响程度值的计算方法。最后，介绍了多目标优化模型的基本理论，在一定的假设条件下，从影响垃圾发电厂选址的技术、经济、环境和社会四个方面，分别建立子目标函数，确定了约束条件。
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