This article firstly introduces the features of MATLAB software and the concept and process of mathematical modeling. And then the detailed procedure of mathematical modeling based on Matlab is explained with an example of a national mathematical modeling competition. Practice shows that the application of MATLAB software in mathematical modeling can improve the efficiency and quality of mathematical modeling, which enriches the methods and means of mathematical modeling and is also of important teaching significance for mathematical courses.%本文首先介绍了MATLAB软件的相关特点，然后对数学建模的概念及其建模过程做出介绍，其次以一个全国数学建模比赛的实例介绍了开发基于MATLAB的数学建模详细步骤。实践证明将MATLAB软件用于数学建模可以提高数学建模的效率和质量，丰富了数学建模的方法和手段，同时对数学课程的运用具有重要的教学意义。
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