In order to comprehensively learn quality and processing characters of main varieties of Camellia chekiangoleosa in China, using fruits in C. chekiangoleosa Hu, C. reticulata and C. semiserrata as experiment materials, which were cultivated at a large scale, contents of crude fat, reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, flavonoid and polyphenol in pericarp, seed shell and seed kernel were determined and analyzed by using the methods of variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that fat mainly distributed in the seed kernels, and the fat contents in C. chekiangoleosa Hu, C. reticulata and C. semiserrata were 68.53%, 58.58% and 60.96%, respectively. The contents of total soluble sugar was from 15% to 24%, and its distribution was relatively uniform in every parts of fruits. Flavonoid was richer in pericarp and seed shell. The results of correlation of nutrient ingredients showed that the fat content had significantly negative correlation with the content of total soluble sugar, but no significantly positive correlation with the contents of polyphenol and flavonoid. Moreover, the fat content in C. chekiangoleosa Hu seed kernel was significantly positive correlation with reducing sugar content, while that in C. semiserrata was non-significantly negative correlation with reducing sugar content. The results of principal component analysis indicated that comprehensive evaluation scores of C. chekiangoleosa Hu, C. reticulata and C. semiserrata were 18.05, 13.24 and 15.05, respectively. It meant that nutritional value of C. chekiangoleosa Hu seed kernel was the best.%为了全面了解我国主栽红花油茶品种的品质特点与加工特性，选择目前已规模化种植且种植面积较大的浙江红花油茶、腾冲红花油茶和广宁红花油茶的果实为原料，对其果皮、籽壳、种仁中的粗脂肪、还原糖、可溶性总糖、黄酮、多酚等营养成分进行了测定和方差分析、相关性分析与主成分分析。测定结果表明：其油脂主要集中分布于种仁中，浙江红花、腾冲红花、广宁红花油茶种仁中的脂肪含量分别为68.53%、58.58%、60.96%；可溶性总糖含量在15%～24%之间，且在油茶果各组成部分中的分布相对均较均匀；黄酮在果皮和籽壳中的含量均较丰富。3种红花油茶种仁中各种营养成分之间的相关性分析结果表明：其脂肪含量与可溶性总糖含量间均呈显著负相关，而与多酚、黄酮含量之间均呈不显著正相关；浙江红花油茶种仁中的脂肪含量与还原糖含量之间呈显著正相关，广宁红花油茶种仁中的脂肪含量与还原糖含量之间则呈不显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明：浙江红花、腾冲红花和广宁红花油茶种仁营养成分的综合评分分别为18.05、13.24和15.05，这一结果说明，浙江红花油茶种仁的营养价值较好。
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