River-lake health assessment is the evaluation of physical integrity , chemical integrity , biological integrity , social service function integrity and the coordination of different components . Biological integrity assessment is the core content of aquatic ecosystem integrity assessment , and diatoms attached bio-monitoring and evaluation of river water quality is an important part of biological integrity assessment of aquatic ecosystem . This paper introduced the technical system of diatoms attached bio -monitoring and assessment systematically , including monitoring indexes ( IPS and IBD ) of diatoms , evaluation grade and monitoring operational procedure and so on . Meanwhile , the paper reviewed the domestic and foreign application of river water quality monitoring by using benthic diatom index , and looked forward to the application prospect of diatoms attached bio -monitoring of river water quality in China .%河湖健康评估是对河湖生态系统的物理完整性、化学完整性、生物完整性、社会服务功能完整性及它们之间相互协调性的评价。生物完整性评价是水生态系统完整性评价的核心内容，而河流水质附着硅藻生物监测是生物完整性评价的重要组成。对河流水质附着硅藻生物监测与评价技术体系进行系统介绍，包括硅藻监测指数IPS和IBD、评价等级、监测基本操作程序等。同时，对附着硅藻河流水质监测在国内外应用情况进行综述，展望河流水质附着硅藻生物监测在我国的应用前景。
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