Objective To assess the efficacy of chitosan artificial tears (LCH) in treatment of dry eye in rabbits. Methods Forty two rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 (12 eyes) in each. In negative control group 0.9%saline drops were given for 28 d, in positive control group carboxymethyl cellulose sodium eye drops for 28 d;in low dose chitosan artificial tears (LCH) group 0.15%LCH for 28 d;in short- term LCH group 0.3%LCH for 14 d;in medium- term medium- dose LCH group 0.3%LCH for 21 d, in long- term medium- dose LCH group 0.3%LCH drop for 28 d, in high- dose long- term LCH group:0.6% LCH drop for 28 d. After the medication the eyes were stained with fluorescein and Hu red staining and scored;the optical and elec-tron microscope were applied to observe the projection angle of conjunctival injury and recovery. Results Compared with neg-ative control group, the fluorescence staining and Hu red staining scores (except the positive control group after 14d) were changed significantly after treatment (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with before medication, the fluorescence staining and Hu red staining scores (except the positive control group after 14 d) in positive control group and LCH low, medium and high concentra-tion groups were changed significantly (P<0.05 or 0.01). The fluorescein staining and Hu red staining scores in short- , medium-and long- term group after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment (al P<0.05), and there was no significant dif-ference among three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Chitosan artificial tears is safe and effective in improvement of symptoms and repair of corneal epithelia for dry eye.%目的：探讨壳聚糖人工泪液（LCH）治疗干眼病的疗效、量效及时效。方法将42只家兔随机分为7组，每组6只（12眼），分别为阴性对照组：滴用0.9%氯化钠溶液28d；阳性对照组：滴用羧甲基纤维素钠滴眼液28d；LCH低浓度组：滴用0.15%LCH 28d；LCH中浓度短时效组：滴用0.3%LCH 14d；LCH中浓度中时效组：滴用0.3%LCH 21d；LCH中浓度长时效组：滴用0.3%LCH 28d；LCH高浓度组：滴用0.6%LCH 28d。用药结束后以荧光素及琥红染色并计分比较，同时光镜及投射电镜观察角结膜的损伤及恢复情况。结果与阴性对照组比较，其他各组用药后各时点荧光染色及琥红染色评分（除阳性对照组用药后14d）均发生明显变化，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）；与用药前比较，阳性对照组及LCH低、中、高浓度组用药后各时点荧光染色及琥红染色评分（除阳性对照组用药后14d）均发生明显变化，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）。LCH终浓度短时效、中时效、长时效组用药后荧光素染色和琥红染色评分均明显低于用药前，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05），但3组间用药后的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 LCH是一种安全、有效的人工泪液，不仅可以改善干眼症状且可以修复角膜上皮损。
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