Objective To assess serum levels of anti- myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis(MS). Methods The serum levels of anti- MOG antibody were detected with radioimmunoassay(RIA) in 23 pa-tients with MS, 57 patients with clinical y isolated syndrome(CIS), 41 patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases(OIND) and 37 patients with other non- inflammatory neurological diseases (ONND). The burden of disease (BOD) in patients with central nervous system demyelinating diseases was assessed by T2- weighted MRI and the relationship between anti- MOG antibody level and BOD was analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of serum anti- MOG antibody, CSF IgG index, IgG 24- h synthesis rate for diagnosis of MS were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results The serum levels of anti- MOG antibody and positive rate in MS group were significantly higher than those in CIS group, OIND group and ONND group (P<0.01). The serum levels and positive rate of anti- MOG antibody in MS patients were correlated with disease activity (P<0.05). The serum levels of anti- MOG antibodies were correlated with BOD in patients with demyelinating disease (MS and CIS group)(P<0.01). In ROC curve the area under the curve (AUC) of anti- MOG antibody was larger than that of CSF IgG index and 24- h IgG synthesis rate. Conclusion The serum levels of anti MOG antibody can be used as a reliable biomarker for diagnosis of MS.%目的：探讨血清抗髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）抗体对多发性硬化（MS）的诊断意义。方法利用放射免疫方法分别测定23例MS、57例临床孤立综合征（CIS）、41例其他炎症性神经系统疾病（OIND）、37例非炎症性神经系统疾病（ONND）患者的血清抗MOG抗体水平。并对MRI发现中枢神经脱髓鞘患者的病灶负荷进行测定，将其与患者血清中抗MOG抗体水平作相关性分析。通过绘制受试者受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，比较血清抗MOG抗体水平、脑脊液IgG指数、24h鞘内IgG合成率等参数对MS诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果 MS组患者血清中抗MOG抗体的水平及抗MOG抗体阳性率明显高于CIS组、OIND组和ONND组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。MS组活动期血清抗MOG抗体的水平及阳性率高于缓解期（P＜0.05）。中枢脱髓鞘病变（MS和CIS）患者MRI显示的病灶负荷与其血清抗MOG抗体水平呈正相关（P＜0.01）。抗MOG抗体的ROC曲线下面积，高于脑脊液IgG指数、24h鞘内IgG合成率。结论血清抗MOG抗体可以成为可靠的诊断MS的生物学指标之一。
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