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Integrating ReSET with GlycosylIodide Glycosylationin Step-Economy Syntheses of Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigensand Immunogenic Glycolipids

机译:将ReSET与糖基整合碘化物糖基化肿瘤相关碳水化合物抗原的逐步经济合成研究和免疫原性糖脂

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摘要

Carbohydrates mediate a wide range of biological processes, and understanding these events and how they might be influenced is a complex undertaking that requires access to pure glycoconjugates. The isolation of sufficient quantities of carbohydrates and glycolipids from biological samples remains a significant challenge that has redirected efforts toward chemical synthesis. However, progress toward complex glycoconjugate total synthesis has been slowed by the need for multiple protection and deprotection steps owing to the large number of similarly reactive hydroxyls in carbohydrates. Two methodologies, regioselective silyl exchange technology (ReSET) and glycosyl iodide glycosylation have now been integrated to streamline the synthesis of the globo series trisaccharides (globotriaose and isoglobotriaose) and α-lactosylceramide (α-LacCer). These glycoconjugates include tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) and immunostimulatory glycolipids that hold promise as immunotherapeutics. Beyond the utility of the step-economy syntheses afforded by this synthetic platform, the studies also reveal a uniqueelectronic interplay between acetate and silyl ether protecting groups.Incorporation of acetates proximal to silyl ethers attenuates theirreactivity while reducing undesirable side reactions. This phenomenoncan be used to fine-tune the reactivity of silylated/acetylated sugarbuilding blocks.
机译:碳水化合物介导广泛的生物过程,了解这些事件以及如何影响它们是一项复杂的工作,需要获得纯的糖结合物。从生物样品中分离出足够数量的碳水化合物和糖脂仍然是一项重大挑战,已将工作重心转向了化学合成。然而,由于碳水化合物中存在大量相似的反应性羟基,因此由于需要多个保护和脱保护步骤而减缓了向复杂糖缀合物全合成的进展。区域选择性甲硅烷基交换技术(ReSET)和糖基碘化物糖基化两种方法现已整合在一起,以简化球系列三糖(球果糖和异球果糖)和α-乳糖基神经酰胺(α-LacCer)的合成。这些糖结合物包括与肿瘤相关的碳水化合物抗原(TACA)和免疫刺激性糖脂,有望作为免疫治疗剂。除了该合成平台提供的逐步经济综合功能外,研究还揭示了独特的乙酸盐和甲硅烷基醚保护基之间的电子相互作用。靠近甲硅烷基醚的乙酸酯的掺入会减弱其反应性,同时减少不良副反应。这个现象可用于微调甲硅烷基化/乙酰化糖的反应性建筑模块。

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