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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Bulletins of the Public Health >Overview of research on women in medicine--issues for public policymakers.
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Overview of research on women in medicine--issues for public policymakers.

机译：关于医学界妇女研究的概述-公共政策制定者的问题。

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The recent expansion of the nation's supply of physicians has brought with it dramatic increases in the number of women entering medical school and practice. This paper provides an overview of the literature on women in medicine and synthesizes major findings on the differences between male and female physicians in terms of specialty choice, productivity, income, geographic location of practice, practice settings and types of patients, leadership within the profession, and other characteristics. Between 1981 and the year 2000, the total supply of physicians in practice is expected to increase by 27 percent; the number of women in practice is expected to increase by 153 percent. By the year 2000, one physician in five will be a woman. The fairly limited research on gender-related differences indicate that women tend to cluster in a few specialties (pediatrics, psychiatry, pathology, preventive medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and anesthesiology), many of which are specialties expected to have fewer physicians than needed nationally by 1990. Women have also been shown to have lower productivity and lower income than male physicians, to choose urban locations more frequently, to prefer salaried and institutional settings more often, to serve different types of patients, and to belong to medical organizations less frequently. From the standpoint of public policy, the differences between the characteristics of male and female physicians have mixed implications. For example, the choice of specialty and lower productivity of women could lessen the negative impact of future physician surpluses. On the other hand, a preference for urban practice could exacerbate geographic maldistribution problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
机译：全国医生供应的最近增加，使进入医学院和诊所的妇女人数急剧增加。本文概述了有关医学领域女性的文献，并综合了关于男性和女性医师之间在专业选择，生产力，收入，执业所在地，执业地点和患者类型，行业领导力方面的差异的主要发现。 ，以及其他特征。从1981年到2000年，实践中医生的总人数预计将增加27％。实践中的妇女人数预计将增加153％。到2000年，五分之一的医生将是一名妇女。关于性别相关差异的相当有限的研究表明，妇女倾向于聚集在一些专科（儿科，精神病学，病理学，预防医学，物理医学和康复以及麻醉学）中，其中许多是专科，预计医师人数少于所需到1990年全国范围内，女性的生产率和收入也比男性医师低，他们更频繁地选择城市地点，更喜欢有薪水和机构的场所，为不同类型的患者提供服务，并且较少属于医疗机构经常。从公共政策的角度来看，男性和女性医师特征之间的差异具有不同的含义。例如，选择专业和降低妇女的生产率可以减轻未来医生剩余的负面影响。另一方面，偏爱城市实践可能会加剧地理分布不均的问题。（摘要截断为250字）

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