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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine >Traveling by Bus Instead of Car on Urban Major Roads: Safety Benefits for Vehicle Occupants Pedestrians and Cyclists
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Traveling by Bus Instead of Car on Urban Major Roads: Safety Benefits for Vehicle Occupants Pedestrians and Cyclists

机译：在城市主要道路上乘公共汽车而不是汽车旅行：对车辆乘员行人和骑自行车者的安全利益

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Some studies have estimated fatality and injury rates for bus occupants, but data was aggregated at the country level and made no distinction between bus types. Also, injured pedestrians and cyclists, as a result of bus travel, were overlooked. We compared injury rates for car and city bus occupants on specific urban major roads, as well as the cyclist and pedestrian injuries associated with car and bus travel. We selected ten bus routes along major urban arterials (in Montreal, Canada). Passenger-kilometers traveled were estimated from vehicle counts at intersections (2002–2010) and from bus passenger counts (2008). Police accident reports (2001–2010) provided injury data for all modes. Injury rates associated with car and bus travel were calculated for vehicle occupants, pedestrians, and cyclists. Injury rate ratios were also computed. The safety benefits of bus travel, defined as the number of vehicle occupant, cyclist, and pedestrian injuries saved, were estimated for each route. Overall, for all ten routes, the ratio between car and bus occupant injury rates is 3.7 (95% CI [3.4, 4.0]). The rates of pedestrian and cyclist injuries per hundred million passenger-kilometers are also significantly greater for car travel than that for bus travel: 4.1 (95% CI [3.5, 4.9]) times greater for pedestrian injuries; 5.3 (95% CI [3.8, 7.6]) times greater for cyclist injuries. Similar results were observed for fatally and severely injured vehicle occupants, cyclists, and pedestrians. At the route level, the safety benefits of bus travel increase with the difference in injury rate associated with car and bus travel but also with the amount of passenger-kilometers by bus. Results show that city bus is a safer mode than car, for vehicle occupants but also for cyclists and pedestrians traveling along these bus routes. The safety benefits of bus travel greatly vary across urban routes; this spatial variation is most likely linked to environmental factors. Understanding the safety benefits of public transit for specific transport routes is likely to provide valuable information for mobilizing city and transportation planners.
机译：一些研究估计了公共汽车乘员的死亡率和伤害率，但数据是在国家/地区汇总的，没有区分公共汽车的类型。此外，由于公共汽车旅行而受伤的行人和骑自行车者也被忽略了。我们比较了特定城市主要道路上的汽车和城市公共汽车乘员的伤害率，以及与汽车和公共汽车旅行相关的骑自行车者和行人的伤害。我们选择了沿主要城市干线（在加拿大蒙特利尔）的十条公交路线。根据交叉路口的车辆数量（2002-2010年）和公交车乘客数量（2008年）估算行进的乘客公里数。警察事故报告（2001-2010年）提供了所有模式的伤害数据。计算了车辆乘员，行人和骑车者与汽车和公共汽车旅行相关的伤害率。还计算了伤害率。估计每条路线的公共汽车旅行的安全效益，定义为节省的乘员，骑自行车的人和行人受伤的人数。总体而言，对于所有十条路线，汽车和公共汽车乘员受伤率之间的比率是3.7（95％CI [3.4，4.0]）。每亿人行公里的行人和骑自行车者受伤的比率也比公共汽车旅行高得多：4.1（95％CI [3.5，4.9]）倍于行人受伤;骑自行车者受伤的危险性要大5.3倍（95％CI [3.8，7.6]）。对于致命和重伤的车辆乘员，骑自行车的人和行人也观察到了类似的结果。在路线级别上，公车旅行的安全收益随着与汽车和公车旅行相关的伤害率的差异而增加，而且随着公车的乘客公里数的增加而增加。结果表明，城市公交车比汽车更安全，对于乘员来说，对于沿这些公交路线行驶的骑自行车的人和行人来说也是如此。公交旅行的安全利益在城市路线之间存在很大差异；这种空间变化很可能与环境因素有关。了解公共交通对特定交通路线的安全利益，可能会为动员城市和交通规划者提供有价值的信息。

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