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The Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker—Indications for Implantation

机译:人工心脏起搏器-植入指征

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摘要

Extensive clinical experience has demonstrated that implantable cardiac pacemakers are safe and effective mechanisms for controlling symptoms and preventing the hazards of third degree heart block with Stokes-Adams syncope. Medical management of this disease does not provide reliable protection and life expectancy averages about two years after diagnosis. Hence the negligible surgical morbidity and mortality associated with pacemaker implantation justifies broad indications to implant one of the four commercially available battery-powered units.Elective implantation of a pacemaker should be considered in patients with persistent third degree heart block who have had: One or more episodes of Stokes-Adams syncope; surgical injury to the conduction system, regardless of syncopal attacks; evidence of low cardiac output with cardiomegaly secondary to bradycardia. Few if any other cardiac arrythmias are satisfactorily controlled by an electrical pacemaker.Emergency pacemaker control is obviously necessary for patients developing intractable or recurrent bouts of asystole. During the interval until an implantable unit can be obtained and sterilized, the patient may be controlled by intravenous isoproterenol or by an external pacemaker attached to a transvenous catheter electrode, a precordial skin electrode or a percutaneous myocardial wire electrode.
机译:广泛的临床经验表明,植入式心脏起搏器是控制症状和预防Stokes-Adams晕厥引起的三度心脏传导阻滞的安全有效的机制。该疾病的医学管理不能提供可靠的保护,诊断后大约两年的平均寿命。因此,与起搏器植入相关的手术发病率和死亡率可忽略不计,因此广泛的迹象表明,植入了四个市售电池供电单元之一。对于患有以下情况的持续性三级心脏传导阻滞患者,应考虑对其进行择期植入:斯托克斯-亚当斯晕厥发作;手术对传导系统的伤害,无论晕厥发作如何;心动过缓继发心脏肥大的低心输出量的证据。几乎没有其他心律失常能被电起搏器令人满意地控制。显然,对于发展为顽固性或复发性心律不齐的患者,紧急起搏器控制很必要。在获得可植入单位并进行消毒之前的这段时间里,可以通过静脉注射异丙肾上腺素或通过连接到静脉导管电极,心前区皮肤电极或经皮心肌线电极的外部起搏器来控制患者。

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