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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Canadian Medical Association Journal >Recommendations for reducing the effect of grain dust on the lungs. Canadian Thoracic Society Standards Committee.
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Recommendations for reducing the effect of grain dust on the lungs. Canadian Thoracic Society Standards Committee.

机译：有关减少谷物粉尘对肺部影响的建议。加拿大胸科学会标准委员会。

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the appropriateness of the current Canadian standards for exposure to grain dust in the workplace. OPTIONS: The current permissible exposure limit of 10 mg of total grain dust per cubic metre of air (expressed as mg/m3) as an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure, or a lower permissible exposure limit. OUTCOMES: Acute symptoms of grain-dust exposure, such as cough, phlegm production, wheezing and dyspnea, similar chronic symptoms, and spirometric deficits revealing obstructive or restrictive disease. EVIDENCE: Articles published from 1924 to December 1993 were identified from Index Medicus and the bibliographies of pertinent articles. Subsequent articles published from 1994 (when the recommendations were approved by the Canadian Thoracic Society Standards Committee) to June 1996 were retrieved through a search of MEDLINE, and modification of the recommendations was not found to be necessary. Studies of interest were those that linked measurements of total grain dust levels to the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and changes in lung function in exposed workers. Papers on the effects of grain dust on workers in feed mills were not included because other nutrients such as animal products may have been added to the grain. Unpublished reports (e.g., to Labour Canada) were included as sources of information. VALUES: A high value was placed on minimizing the biological harm that grain dust has on the lungs of grain workers. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: A permissible exposure limit of 5 mg/m3 would control the short-term effects of exposure to grain dust on workers. Evidence is insufficient to determine what level is needed to prevent long-term effects. The economic implications of implementing a lower permissible exposure limit have not been evaluated. RECOMMENDATIONS: The current Canadian standards for grain-dust exposure should be reviewed by Labour Canada and the grain industry. A permissible exposure level of 5 mg/m3 is recommended to control short-term effects. Further measurements that link the levels of exposure to respiratory health effects in workers across Canada should be collected to establish an exposure-response relation and possible regional differences in the effects of grain dust. VALIDATION: There has been no external review of these recommendations. However, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has recommended an 8-hour average exposure limit of 4 mg/m3 for wheat, oats and barley.
机译：目的：评估加拿大现行标准对工作场所谷物粉尘接触的适用性。选择：当前允许的暴露极限为每立方米空气10毫克的总谷物粉尘（以mg / m3表示），作为8小时时间加权平均暴露，或更低的允许暴露极限。结果：谷物粉尘暴露的急性症状，例如咳嗽，痰多，喘息和呼吸困难，类似的慢性症状以及肺功能不足以显示阻塞性或限制性疾病。证据：从Index Medicus和相关文章的参考书目中发现了1924年至1993年12月发表的文章。随后通过检索MEDLINE检索了1994年（当建议被加拿大胸科学会标准委员会批准时）至1996年6月发表的文章，并且发现没有必要对建议进行修改。感兴趣的研究是将总谷物粉尘含量的测量与暴露工人的急性和慢性呼吸道症状的发展以及肺功能的变化联系起来的研究。没有包括关于谷物粉尘对饲料厂工人的影响的论文，因为其他营养物质（例如动物产品）可能已添加到谷物中。未发表的报告（例如，提交给加拿大劳工部）也作为信息来源。价值：最大限度地降低谷物粉尘对谷物工人肺部的生物危害具有很高的价值。好处，危害和成本：允许的暴露极限为5 mg / m3将控制暴露于谷物粉尘对工人的短期影响。没有足够的证据来确定预防长期影响所需的水平。尚未评估实施较低的允许暴露极限的经济意义。建议：加拿大劳工部和谷物行业应审查加拿大现行的谷物粉尘接触标准。建议控制暴露水平为5 mg / m3，以控制短期影响。应该收集进一步的测量值，这些测量值将加拿大工人呼吸道健康影响的暴露水平联系起来，以建立暴露-反应关系以及谷物粉尘影响的可能区域差异。验证：尚未对这些建议进行外部审查。但是，美国政府工业卫生学家会议建议小麦，燕麦和大麦的8小时平均暴露极限为4 mg / m3。

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