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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Pollution Emissions Environmental Policy and Marginal Abatement Costs
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Pollution Emissions Environmental Policy and Marginal Abatement Costs

机译：污染排放环境政策和边际减排成本

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摘要

Pollution emissions impose serious social negative externalities, especially in terms of public health. To reduce pollution emissions cost-effectively, the marginal abatement costs (MACs) of pollution emissions must be determined. Since the industrial sectors are the essential pillars of China’s economic growth, as well as leading energy consumers and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitters, estimating MACs of SO2 emissions at the industrial level can provide valuable information for all abatement efforts. This paper tries to address the critical and essential issue in pollution abatement: How do we determine the MACs of pollution emissions in China? This paper first quantifies the SO2 emission contribution of different industrial sectors in the Chinese economy by an Input-Output method and then estimates MACs of SO2 for industrial sectors at the national level, provincial level, and sectoral level by the shadow price theory. Our results show that six sectors (e.g., the Mining and Washing of Coal sector) should be covered in the Chinese pollution emission trading system. We have also found that the lowest SO2 shadow price is 2000 Yuan/ton at the national level, and that shadow prices should be set differently at the provincial level. Our empirical study has several important policy implications, e.g., the estimated MACs may be used as a pricing benchmark through emission allowance allocation. In this paper, the MACs of industrial sectors are calculated from the national, provincial and sectoral levels; therefore, we provide an efficient framework to track the complex relationship between sectors and provinces.
机译：污染排放给社会带来了严重的负面外部影响，特别是在公共卫生方面。为了有效地减少污染排放，必须确定污染排放的边际减排成本（MACs）。由于工业部门是中国经济增长的重要支柱，也是主要的能源消耗者和二氧化硫（SO2）排放者，因此在工业水平上估算SO2排放的MAC可以为所有减排工作提供有价值的信息。本文试图解决污染减排中的关键和基本问题：我们如何确定中国污染排放的MACs？本文首先通过投入产出法对中国经济中不同工业部门的SO2排放贡献进行了量化，然后通过影子价格理论估算了国家，省和部门级工业部门SO2的MAC。我们的结果表明，中国的污染排放交易体系应涵盖六个部门（例如，煤炭的开采和洗涤）。我们还发现，国家一级的SO2影子价格最低，为2000元/吨，而省一级的影子价格应该有所不同。我们的实证研究具有几个重要的政策含义，例如，通过排放配额分配，估计的MAC可以用作定价基准。本文从国家，省和部门层面计算了工业部门的MAC。因此，我们提供了一个有效的框架来跟踪部门和省之间的复杂关系。

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