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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Evaluation of Traffic Density Parameters as an Indicator of Vehicle Emission-Related Near-Road Air Pollution: A Case Study with NEXUS Measurement Data on Black Carbon
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Evaluation of Traffic Density Parameters as an Indicator of Vehicle Emission-Related Near-Road Air Pollution: A Case Study with NEXUS Measurement Data on Black Carbon

机译：交通密度参数的评估作为与车辆排放相关的近道路空气污染的指标：以黑碳的NEXUS测量数据为例

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An important factor in evaluating health risk of near-road air pollution is to accurately estimate the traffic-related vehicle emission of air pollutants. Inclusion of traffic parameters such as road length/area, distance to roads, and traffic volume/intensity into models such as land use regression (LUR) models has improved exposure estimation. To better understand the relationship between vehicle emissions and near-road air pollution, we evaluated three traffic density-based indices: Major-Road Density (MRD), All-Traffic Density (ATD) and Heavy-Traffic Density (HTD) which represent the proportions of major roads, major road with annual average daily traffic (AADT), and major road with commercial annual average daily traffic (CAADT) in a buffered area, respectively. We evaluated the potential of these indices as vehicle emission-specific near-road air pollutant indicators by analyzing their correlation with black carbon (BC), a marker for mobile source air pollutants, using measurement data obtained from the Near-road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS). The average BC concentrations during a day showed variations consistent with changes in traffic volume which were classified into high, medium, and low for the morning rush hours, the evening rush hours, and the rest of the day, respectively. The average correlation coefficients between BC concentrations and MRD, ATD, and HTD, were 0.26, 0.18, and 0.48, respectively, as compared with −0.31 and 0.25 for two commonly used traffic indicators: nearest distance to a major road and total length of the major road. HTD, which includes only heavy-duty diesel vehicles in its traffic count, gives statistically significant correlation coefficients for all near-road distances (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) that were analyzed. Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses show that season, traffic volume, HTD, and distance from major roads are highly related to BC measurements. Our analyses indicate that traffic density parameters may be more specific indicators of near-road BC concentrations for health risk studies. HTD is the best index for reflecting near-road BC concentrations which are influenced mainly by the emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines.
机译：评估近路空气污染的健康风险的重要因素是准确估算与交通有关的车辆排放的空气污染物。将诸如道路长度/面积，到道路的距离以及交通量/强度之类的交通参数包括在诸如土地利用回归（LUR）模型之类的模型中可以改善暴露估计。为了更好地了解车辆排放与近距离道路空气污染之间的关系，我们评估了三种基于交通密度的指数：主要道路密度（MRD），全部交通密度（ATD）和重型交通密度（HTD），分别代表缓冲区域中的主要道路，具有年平均日流量的主要道路（AADT）和具有商业年平均日流量的主要道路（CAADT）的比例。我们通过使用从近道路暴露和环境影响获得的测量数据，通过分析它们与移动源空气污染物标志物黑碳（BC）的相关性，评估了这些指标作为车辆排放特定的近道路空气污染物指标的潜力。城市空气污染物研究（NEXUS）。一天中的平均BC浓度显示出与交通量变化相一致的变化，在早上高峰时段，晚上高峰时段和一天的其余时间分别分为高，中和低。 BC浓度与MRD，ATD和HTD之间的平均相关系数分别为0.26、0.18和0.48，而两种常用交通指标的最接近距离为-0.31和0.25，即距主要道路最近的距离和道路总长度主要道路。 HTD在其交通量中仅包含重型柴油车辆，它为所有已分析的近距离（50、100、150、200、250和300 m）提供了统计上显着的相关系数。广义线性模型（GLM）分析表明，季节，交通量，HTD和与主要道路的距离与BC测量高度相关。我们的分析表明，交通密度参数可能是健康风险研究中较接近的道路BC浓度的更具体指标。 HTD是反映近距离BC浓度的最佳指数，该浓度主要受重型柴油机排放的影响。

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