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Long-term continuous measurement of near-road air pollution in Las Vegas: seasonal variability in traffic emissions impact on local air quality

机译：拉斯维加斯近距离空气污染的长期连续测量：交通排放的季节性变化对当地空气质量的影响

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摘要

Excess air pollution along roadways is an issue of public health concern to Federal, State, and local government environmental agencies and the public. This concern was the motivation for a long-term study to measure levels of air pollutants at various distances from a roadway in Las Vegas, Nevada. This study represents a joint effort between the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration. Measurements of air pollutants—including carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2, NOX), and black carbon (BC)—were conducted concurrently at four distances from a major interstate (206,000 vehicles per day) for an entire year. With prevailing winds from the west, concentrations of all measured species at 20 m from the highway were significantly higher (non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals) than levels 300 m from the road. In addition, CO, NOX, and BC measured at 100 m from the road on the prevailing downwind side of the road were significantly higher than 100 m on the opposite side of the road. The disproportionate impact of the roadway emissions on the eastern side of the highway points to the importance of local meteorology in determining the extent of near-road impact. When isolating only time periods with winds from due west (±60°), CO, NO2, NOX, and BC levels at 20 m east of the highway were 60%, 46%, 122%, and 127% higher, respectively, than the concurrent measurements at the upwind site. Monthly average traffic volume and frequency of downwind conditions are not enough to explain the trends in monthly average excess CO at 20 m east of the road; average wind speed appears to be an important explanatory factor. The year-long extensive dataset afforded some unique data mining analyses—the maximum near-road impact (top 10% of 20 m east site minus 300 m east site) is associated with winds from the southwest to northwest, higher traffic volumes, and low wind speeds; meanwhile, the apparent maximum spatial extent in near-road impact (top 10% of 300 m east site minus to 100 m west site) occurred during evening to presunrise periods in the winter under conditions of low speed winds from due west, with moderate to low traffic volumes. This research confirms that excess air pollution associated with proximity to roads is significant over a year-long time frame and that local meteorology is a critical factor determining the extent of near-road impact.
机译：道路，空气过多污染是联邦，州和地方政府环保机构以及公众关注的公共健康问题。这种担忧是一项长期研究的动机，该研究旨在测量在内华达州拉斯维加斯各个距离的道路上的空气污染物水平。这项研究代表了美国环境保护署和美国运输部联邦公路管理局的共同努力。整年都在距主要州际公路四个距离（每天206,000辆）的同时进行了空气污染物的测量，包括一氧化碳（CO），氮氧化物（NO，NO2，NOX）和黑碳（BC）。 。在西部地区盛行风的情况下，距离公路20 m处的所有被测物种的浓度（距离95％的置信区间不重叠）显着高于距离公路300 m的水平。此外，从主要风向顺风侧距道路100m处测得的CO，NOX和BC显着高于道路另​​一侧的100m。公路排放对高速公路东侧的影响不成比例，这表明当地气象学在确定近路影响程度方面的重要性。当仅用正西风（±60°）隔开时间段时，高速公路以东20米处的CO，NO2，NOX和BC含量分别比分别高60％，46％，122％和127％。逆风现场的同时测量。每月平均交通量和顺风条件的频率不足以解释该路以东20米处每月平均过量CO的趋势；平均风速似乎是一个重要的解释因素。长达一年的广泛数据集提供了一些独特的数据挖掘分析-最大的近路影响（20 m东部站点的前10％减去300 m东部站点）与西南向西北的风，较高的交通量和较低的风量有关风速同时，冬季的傍晚至太阳升起之前，近路影响的明显最大空间范围（东边300 m位置的10％减去西边100m的顶部）发生在从正西向低速风的条件下，低流量。这项研究证实，在长达一年的时间范围内，与道路附近地区相关的过量空气污染非常显着，而且当地气象学是决定近距离道路影响程度的关键因素。

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  • 来源
    《Air quality, atmosphere & health》 |2013年第1期|295-305|共11页
  • 作者

    Sue Kimbrough; Richard W. Baldauf; Gayle S. W. Hagler; Richard C. Shores; William Mitchell; Donald A. Whitaker; Carry W. Croghan; Daniel A. Vallero;

  • 作者单位

    1.Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    1.Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    1.Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    1.Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    1.Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    2.Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    2.Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

    2.Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. RTP Durham NC 27711 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Air pollution; Motor vehicles; Traffic emissions; Criteria air pollutants; Near-source;

    机译：空气污染;机动车;交通排放;标准空气污染物;近源;

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