首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Drivers of Microbial Risk for Direct Potable Reuse and de Facto Reuse Treatment Schemes: The Impacts of Source Water Quality and Blending
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Drivers of Microbial Risk for Direct Potable Reuse and de Facto Reuse Treatment Schemes: The Impacts of Source Water Quality and Blending

机译:直接饮用水回用和实际废水回用处理方案的微生物风险驱动因素:水源水质量和混合的影响

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摘要

Although reclaimed water for potable applications has many potential benefits, it poses concerns for chemical and microbial risks to consumers. We present a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) Monte Carlo framework to compare a de facto water reuse scenario (treated wastewater-impacted surface water) with four hypothetical Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) scenarios for Norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Salmonella. Consumer microbial risks of surface source water quality (impacted by 0–100% treated wastewater effluent) were assessed. Additionally, we assessed risks for different blending ratios (0–100% surface water blended into advanced-treated DPR water) when source surface water consisted of 50% wastewater effluent. De facto reuse risks exceeded the yearly 10−4 infections risk benchmark while all modeled DPR risks were significantly lower. Contamination with 1% or more wastewater effluent in the source water, and blending 1% or more wastewater-impacted surface water into the advanced-treated DPR water drove the risk closer to the 10−4 benchmark. We demonstrate that de facto reuse by itself, or as an input into DPR, drives microbial risks more so than the advanced-treated DPR water. When applied using location-specific inputs, this framework can contribute to project design and public awareness campaigns to build legitimacy for DPR.
机译:尽管用于饮用水的再生水具有许多潜在的好处,但它对消费者的化学和微生物风险构成了关注。我们提出了一个定量微生物风险评估(QMRA)蒙特卡洛框架,以比较事实上的水回用方案(处理过的废水影响的地表水)与诺如病毒,隐孢子虫和沙门氏菌的四个假设的直接饮用水回用(DPR)方案。评估了消费者对地表水水质的微生物风险(受0-100%处理的废水影响)。此外,当源地表水由50%的废水组成时,我们评估了不同混合比例(0–100%地表水混入深度处理的DPR水中)的风险。实际上,重用风险超过了年度10 −4 感染风险基准,而所有模型化的DPR风险均显着降低。源水中的废水中有1%或更多的污水被污染,以及将1%或更多的废水影响的地表水混入经过深度处理的DPR水中,使风险接近10 -4 基准。我们证明,事实上事实上的再利用本身或作为DPR的输入,比经过深处理的DPR水更容易引起微生物风险。当使用特定于位置的输入来应用时,此框架可以有助于项目设计和公众意识运动,以建立DPR的合法性。

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