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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Contribution of Drinking Water Softeners to Daily Phosphate Intake in Slovenia
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Contribution of Drinking Water Softeners to Daily Phosphate Intake in Slovenia

机译：斯洛文尼亚饮用水软化剂对每日磷酸盐摄入量的贡献

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The cumulative phosphate intake in a typical daily diet is high and, according to several studies, already exceeds recommended values. The exposure of the general population to phosphorus via drinking water is generally not known. One of the hidden sources of phosphorus in a daily diet is sodium polyphosphate, commonly used as a drinking water softener. In Slovenia, softening of drinking water is carried out exclusively within the internal (household) drinking water supply systems to prevent the accumulation of limescale. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of sodium phosphates in the drinking water in Slovenia in different types of buildings, to determine residents’ awareness of the presence of chemical softeners in their drinking water, and to provide an exposure assessment on the phosphorus intake from drinking water. In the current study, the presence of phosphates in the samples of drinking water was determined using a spectrophotometric method with ammonium molybdate. In nearly half of the samples, the presence of phosphates as water softeners was confirmed. The measured concentrations varied substantially from 0.2 mg PO4/L to 24.6 mg PO4/L. Nearly 70% of the respondents were not familiar with the exact data on water softening in their buildings. It follows that concentrations of added phosphates should be controlled and the consumers should be informed of the added chemicals in their drinking water. The health risks of using sodium polyphosphate as a drinking water softener have not been sufficiently investigated and assessed. It is highly recommended that proper guidelines and regulations are developed and introduced to protect human health from adverse effects of chemicals in water intended for human consumption.
机译：典型的日常饮食中累积的磷酸盐摄入量很高，并且根据多项研究，已经超过了推荐值。一般不知道一般人群通过饮用水接触磷的情况。日常饮食中磷的隐藏来源之一是多磷酸钠，通常用作饮用水软化剂。在斯洛文尼亚，饮用水的软化只能在内部（家庭）饮用水供应系统内进行，以防止水垢积聚。这项研究的目的是确定斯洛文尼亚不同类型建筑物中饮用水中磷酸钠的流行程度，以确定居民对饮用水中化学柔软剂的认识，并提供对磷的暴露评估。从饮用水中摄取。在当前的研究中，使用钼酸铵的分光光度法测定了饮用水中磷酸盐的含量。在将近一半的样品中，证实存在磷酸盐作为软水剂。测得的浓度从0.2 mg PO4 / L到24.6 mg PO4 / L基本上不同。近70％的受访者不熟悉其建筑物中水软化的确切数据。因此，应控制添加磷酸盐的浓度，并应告知消费者其饮用水中添加的化学物质。使用多磷酸钠作为饮用水软化剂的健康风险尚未得到充分研究和评估。强烈建议制定并引入适当的指导原则和法规，以保护人类健康不受人类食用水中化学物质的不利影响。

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