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Computational Study of the Effect of Cortical Porosity on Ultrasound Wave Propagation in Healthy and Osteoporotic Long Bones

机译：皮质孔隙率对健康和骨质疏松性长骨中超声波传播影响的计算研究

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Computational studies on the evaluation of bone status in cases of pathologies have gained significant interest in recent years. This work presents a parametric and systematic numerical study on ultrasound propagation in cortical bone models to investigate the effect of changes in cortical porosity and the occurrence of large basic multicellular units, simply called non-refilled resorption lacunae (RL), on the velocity of the first arriving signal (FAS). Two-dimensional geometries of cortical bone are established for various microstructural models mimicking normal and pathological tissue states. Emphasis is given on the detection of RL formation which may provoke the thinning of the cortical cortex and the increase of porosity at a later stage of the disease. The central excitation frequencies 0.5 and 1 MHz are examined. The proposed configuration consists of one point source and multiple successive receivers in order to calculate the FAS velocity in small propagation paths (local velocity) and derive a variation profile along the cortical surface. It was shown that: (a) the local FAS velocity can capture porosity changes including the occurrence of RL with different number, size and depth of formation; and (b) the excitation frequency 0.5 MHz is more sensitive for the assessment of cortical microstructure.
机译：近年来，有关在病理情况下评估骨状态的计算研究引起了极大的兴趣。这项工作提出了对皮质骨模型中超声传播进行参数化和系统的数值研究，以研究皮质孔隙度的变化和大型基本多细胞单元（简称为非再充填性吸收腔（RL））的出现对速度的影响。先到达信号（FAS）。针对模仿正常和病理组织状态的各种微结构模型，建立了皮质骨的二维几何形状。重点放在RL形成的检测上，这可能在疾病的晚期引起皮质皮层变薄和孔隙率增加。检查中心激励频率0.5和1 MHz。所提出的配置由一个点源和多个连续的接收器组成，以便计算小的传播路径中的FAS速度（局部速度）并得出沿皮质表面的变化曲线。结果表明：（a）局部FAS速度可以捕获孔隙度变化，包括不同数量，大小和深度的RL的出现； （b）0.5 MHz的激发频率对于评估皮层微观结构更为敏感。

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