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Highly Efficient Low-Temperature N-Doped TiO2 Catalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Applications

机译:可见光光催化应用中的高效低温N掺杂TiO2催化剂

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摘要

In this paper, TiO2 prepared with an aqueous sol-gel synthesis by peptization process is doped with nitrogen precursor to extend its activity towards the visible region. Three N-precursors are used: urea, ethylenediamine and triethylamine. Different molar N/Ti ratios are tested and the synthesis is adapted for each dopant. For urea- and trimethylamine-doped samples, anatase-brookite TiO2 nanoparticles of 6–8 nm are formed, with a specific surface area between 200 and 275 m2·g−1. In ethylenediamine-doped samples, the formation of rutile phase is observed, and TiO2 nanoparticles of 6–8 nm with a specific surface area between 185 and 240 m2·g−1 are obtained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and diffuse reflectance measurements show the incorporation of nitrogen in TiO2 materials through Ti–O–N bonds allowing light absorption in the visible region. Photocatalytic tests on the remediation of water polluted with p-nitrophenol show a marked improvement for all doped catalysts under visible light. The optimum doping, taking into account cost, activity and ease of synthesis, is up-scaled to a volume of 5 L and compared to commercial Degussa P25 material. This up-scaled sample shows similar properties compared to the lab-scale sample, i.e., a photoactivity 4 times higher than commercial P25.
机译:在本文中,通过胶溶过程通过水溶胶-凝胶合成制备的TiO2掺有氮前驱物,以将其活性扩展到可见区。使用了三种N前体:尿素,乙二胺和三乙胺。测试了不同的N / Ti摩尔比,并针对每种掺杂剂调整了合成方法。对于掺杂尿素和三甲胺的样品,形成了6–8 nm的锐钛矿-板钛矿型TiO2纳米粒子,比表面积在200至275 m 2 ·g -1 。在乙二胺掺杂的样品中,观察到金红石相的形成,并且比表面积为185至240 m 2 ·g -1 获得。 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和漫反射率测量表明,通过Ti–O–N键将氮掺入TiO2材料中,从而在可见光区域吸收光。对对硝基苯酚污染的水进行光催化修复的实验表明,所有掺杂催化剂在可见光下均具有显着改善。考虑到成本,活性和易于合成,最佳掺杂量可放大至5 L,与商用Degussa P25材料相比。与实验室规模的样品相比,这种放大的样品显示出相似的特性,即,光活性比市售P25高4倍。

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