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High-density sex-specific linkage maps of a European tree frog (Hyla arborea) identify the sex chromosome without information on offspring sex

机译:欧洲树蛙(Hyla arborea)的高密度性别特定连锁图谱可确定性染色体而没有关于后代性别的信息

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摘要

Identifying homology between sex chromosomes of different species is essential to understanding the evolution of sex determination. Here, we show that the identity of a homomorphic sex chromosome pair can be established using a linkage map, without information on offspring sex. By comparing sex-specific maps of the European tree frog Hyla arborea, we find that the sex chromosome (linkage group 1) shows a threefold difference in marker number between the male and female maps. In contrast, the number of markers on each autosome is similar between the two maps. We also find strongly conserved synteny between H. arborea and Xenopus tropicalis across 200 million years of evolution, suggesting that the rate of chromosomal rearrangement in anurans is low. Finally, we show that recombination in males is greatly reduced at the centers of large chromosomes, consistent with previous cytogenetic findings. Our research shows the importance of high-density linkage maps for studies of recombination, chromosomal rearrangement and the genetic architecture of ecologically or economically important traits.
机译:识别不同物种的性染色体之间的同源性对于理解性别决定的进化至关重要。在这里,我们表明可以使用连锁图建立同型性染色体对的身份,而无需有关后代性别的信息。通过比较欧洲树蛙Hyla arborea的性别特定图谱,我们发现性别染色体(连锁群1)在男性和女性图谱之间显示出三倍的标记数差异。相反,两个图谱上每个常染色体上的标记数相似。我们还在2亿年的进化过程中发现了H. arborea和Xenopustropicis之间的高度保守同位,这表明无核小动物的染色体重排率很低。最后,我们表明雄性重组在大染色体中心大大减少,这与以前的细胞遗传学发现一致。我们的研究表明,高密度连锁图谱对于重组,染色体重排以及具有生态或经济意义的重要性状的遗传结构的研究非常重要。

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