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Polymorphism and Locus-Specific Effects on Polymorphism at Microsatellite Loci in Natural Drosophila Melanogaster Populations

机译：多态性和对果蝇黑腹果蝇种群微卫星基因座多态性的基因座效应。

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We have studied the natural variation at microsatellite loci in two African and five non-African populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Ten dinucleotide simple sequence loci were cloned from chromosomally mapped P1 clones and typed for single individuals from isofemale lines of the respective populations. We find that the African populations harbor the largest degree of diversity, while the non-African populations show a lower diversity. This supports previous results that D. melanogaster originated in Africa and spread across the rest of the world in historic times. Using genetic distance measures, we find also a distinct population subdivision between the non-African populations. Most interestingly, we find for some loci in some populations a strongly reduced variability, which cannot be explained by bottleneck effects. Employing a conservative test based on the variance in repeat number, we find that at least one locus in one population deviates significantly from the expectations of mutation-drift equilibrium. We suggest that this may be due to a recent selective sweep in this chromosomal region that may have been caused by a linked locus that was involved in local adaptation of the population.
机译：我们已经研究了两个非洲和五个非果蝇果蝇微卫星位点的自然变异。从染色体作图的P1克隆中克隆了10个二核苷酸的简单序列基因座，并从相应群体的异雌性系中分离出单个个体。我们发现非洲人口拥有最大程度的多样性，而非非洲人口则表现出较低的多样性。这支持了D. melanogaster起源于非洲并在历史时期传播到世界其他地区的先前结果。使用遗传距离测度，我们还发现非非洲人口之间存在明显的人口细分。最有趣的是，我们发现某些群体中的某些基因座的变异性大大降低，这不能用瓶颈效应来解释。通过基于重复数的方差进行保守检验，我们发现一个群体中的至少一个基因座显着偏离了突变漂移均衡的预期。我们建议，这可能是由于该染色体区域最近的选择性扫描所致，这可能是由参与种群局部适应的连锁基因座引起的。

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