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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Genes >Temporal Dynamics of DNA Methylation Patterns in Response to Rearing Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Hatchery versus Simulated Stream Environment
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Temporal Dynamics of DNA Methylation Patterns in Response to Rearing Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a Hatchery versus Simulated Stream Environment

机译：在孵化场与模拟河流环境中响应饲养幼小刚头（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的DNA甲基化模式的时间动态

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Genetic selection is often implicated as the underlying cause of heritable phenotypic differences between hatchery and wild populations of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that also differ in lifetime fitness. Developmental plasticity, which can also affect fitness, may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Our previous study identified significant differences in DNA methylation between adult hatchery- and natural-origin steelhead from the same population that could not be distinguished by DNA sequence variation. In the current study, we tested whether hatchery-rearing conditions can influence patterns of DNA methylation in steelhead with known genetic backgrounds, and assessed the stability of these changes over time. Eyed-embryos from 22 families of Methow River steelhead were split across traditional hatchery tanks or a simulated stream-rearing environment for 8 months, followed by a second year in a common hatchery tank environment. Family assignments were made using a genetic parentage analysis to account for relatedness among individuals. DNA methylation patterns were examined in the liver, a relatively homogeneous organ that regulates metabolic processes and somatic growth, of juveniles at two time points: after eight months of rearing in either a tank or stream environment and after a subsequent year of rearing in a common tank environment. Further, we analyzed DNA methylation in the sperm of mature 2-year-old males from the earlier described treatments to assess the potential of environmentally-induced changes to be passed to offspring. Hepatic DNA methylation changes in response to hatchery versus stream-rearing in yearling fish were substantial, but few persisted after a second year in the tank environment. However, the early rearing environment appeared to affect how fish responded to developmental and environmental signals during the second year since novel DNA methylation differences were identified in the livers of hatchery versus stream-reared fish after a year of common tank rearing. Furthermore, we found profound differences in DNA methylation due to age, irrespective of rearing treatment. This could be due to smoltification associated changes in liver physiology after the second year of rearing. Although few rearing-treatment effects were observed in the sperm methylome, strong family effects were observed. These data suggest limited potential for intergenerational changes, but highlight the importance of understanding the effects of kinship among studied individuals in order to properly analyze and interpret DNA methylation data in natural populations. Our work is the first to study family effects and temporal dynamics of DNA methylation patterns in response to hatchery-rearing.
机译：孵化场和硬头鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）野生种群之间的可遗传表型差异的根本原因通常涉及基因选择，而终生适应性也不同。发育可塑性也可能影响适应性，可能是由表观遗传机制（例如DNA甲基化）介导的。我们之前的研究发现，同一种群的成年孵化场和自然起源的硬头猪在DNA甲基化方面存在显着差异，无法通过DNA序列变异加以区分。在当前的研究中，我们测试了孵化场饲养条件是否会影响具有已知遗传背景的头鱼的DNA甲基化模式，并评估了这些变化随时间的稳定性。来自Methow River钢头的22个家庭的有眼胚胎在传统的孵化池或模拟养河环境中分裂了8个月，然后在普通的孵化池环境中繁殖了第二年。使用遗传父母分析进行家庭分配，以说明个体之间的相关性。在两个时间点检查了幼体的肝脏中的DNA甲基化模式，肝脏是一个相对均匀的器官，调节着幼体的代谢过程和体细胞生长：在水箱或河流环境中饲养八个月后，以及随后一年在普通动物中饲养之后坦克环境。此外，我们分析了较早描述的治疗方法对成熟的2岁男性精子中的DNA甲基化进行了评估，以评估环境引起的变化传给后代的可能性。一岁鱼对孵化场和溪流饲养的反应肝脏DNA甲基化变化很大，但在水箱环境中第二年后很少持续存在。但是，由于在普通水箱饲养一年后，孵化场肝脏和流饲养鱼的肝脏中发现了新的DNA甲基化差异，因此早期饲养环境似乎会影响鱼类在第二年对发育和环境信号的反应。此外，我们发现由于年龄而造成的DNA甲基化的深远差异，与饲养方法无关。这可能是由于养育第二年后与肝脏生理学的变化有关。尽管在精子甲基化组中观察到很少的抚养作用，但观察到了强烈的家族作用。这些数据表明代际变化的潜力有限，但强调了了解被研究个体之间亲属关系的影响的重要性，以便正确分析和解释自然种群中的DNA甲基化数据。我们的工作是第一个研究家庭效应和DNA甲基化模式对孵化场饲养的响应的动态变化。

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