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Concentration: The Neural Underpinnings of How Cognitive Load Shields Against Distraction

机译:专注:认知负载如何屏蔽注意力分散的神经基础

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摘要

Whether cognitive load—and other aspects of task difficulty—increases or decreases distractibility is subject of much debate in contemporary psychology. One camp argues that cognitive load usurps executive resources, which otherwise could be used for attentional control, and therefore cognitive load increases distraction. The other camp argues that cognitive load demands high levels of concentration (focal-task engagement), which suppresses peripheral processing and therefore decreases distraction. In this article, we employed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol to explore whether higher cognitive load in a visually-presented task suppresses task-irrelevant auditory processing in cortical and subcortical areas. The results show that selectively attending to an auditory stimulus facilitates its neural processing in the auditory cortex, and switching the locus-of-attention to the visual modality decreases the neural response in the auditory cortex. When the cognitive load of the task presented in the visual modality increases, the neural response to the auditory stimulus is further suppressed, along with increased activity in networks related to effortful attention. Taken together, the results suggest that higher cognitive load decreases peripheral processing of task-irrelevant information—which decreases distractibility—as a side effect of the increased activity in a focused-attention network.
机译:认知负担以及任务难度的其他方面是增加还是减少了分散性,这在当代心理学中引起了很多争论。一个阵营认为,认知负荷会占用执行资源,否则可将其用于注意力控制,因此认知负荷会增加分心。另一个阵营认为,认知负荷需要高度集中(专注于任务任务),这会抑制周围的处理,因此减少了注意力分散。在本文中,我们采用了功能磁共振成像(fMRI)协议来探讨在视觉呈现的任务中较高的认知负荷是否会抑制皮质和皮质下区域中与任务无关的听觉处理。结果表明,选择性地参与听觉刺激可促进其在听觉皮层中的神经处理,而将注意力位置切换到视觉模式会降低听觉皮层中的神经反应。当以视觉方式呈现的任务的认知负荷增加时,对听觉刺激的神经反应会进一步受到抑制,同时与努力注意力相关的网络活动也会增加。两者合计,结果表明,较高的认知负荷会减少与任务无关的信息的外围处理,从而降低分散性,这是注意力集中网络活动增加的副作用。

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