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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience >Not all stressors are equal: behavioral and endocrine evidence for development of contextual fear conditioning after a single session of footshocks but not of immobilization
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Not all stressors are equal: behavioral and endocrine evidence for development of contextual fear conditioning after a single session of footshocks but not of immobilization

机译：并非所有压力源都是平等的：单次踩脚后发生行为恐惧和内分泌证据可促进情境恐惧的发展但不能一成不变

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Exposure of animals to footshocks (FS) in absence of any specific cue results in the development of fear to the compartment where shocks were given (contextual fear conditioning), and this is usually evaluated by time spent freezing. However, the extent to which contextual fear conditioning always develops when animals are exposed to other stressors is not known. In the present work we firstly demonstrated, using freezing, that exposure of adult rats to a single session of FS resulted in short-term and long-term contextual fear conditioning (freezing) that was paralleled by increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation. In contrast, using a similar design, no HPA or behavioral evidence for such conditioning was found after exposure to immobilization on boards (IMO), despite this stressor being of similar severity as FS on the basis of standard physiological measures of stress, including HPA activation. In a final experiment we directly compared the exposure to the two stressors in the same type of context and tested for the development of conditioning to the context and to a specific cue for IMO (the board). We observed the expected high levels of freezing and the conditioned HPA activation after FS, but not after IMO, regardless of the presence of the board during testing. Therefore, it can be concluded that development of fear conditioning to context or particular cues, as evaluated by either behavioral or endocrine measures, appears to be dependent on the nature of the aversive stimuli, likely to be related to biologically preparedness to establish specific associations.
机译：在没有任何特定提示的情况下，将动物暴露于脚掌（FS）会导致对遭受电击的隔室产生恐惧感（上下文恐惧调节），这通常通过冻结时间来评估。然而，当动物暴露于其他压力下时，情境恐惧条件总是在多大程度上发展尚不清楚。在目前的工作中，我们首先通过冷冻证明了成年大鼠一次单次暴露于FS会导致短期和长期的情境恐惧调节（冻结），同时下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）增加激活。相比之下，采用类似的设计，尽管根据标准的生理压力标准（包括HPA激活），这种压力源的强度与FS相似，但在暴露于固定在板上的（IMO）后，未发现任何HPA或此类条件的行为证据。 。在最后的实验中，我们直接比较了在相同类型的环境中暴露于两个压力源的情况，并测试了针对环境的适应性发展以及针对IMO（董事会）的特定提示。我们观察到在FS之后（而不是在IMO之后）预期的高水平冻结和条件HPA激活，无论测试期间是否存在板。因此，可以得出结论，通过行为或内分泌措施评估的针对情境或特定提示的恐惧条件的发展似乎取决于厌恶刺激的性质，可能与建立特定关联的生物学准备有关。

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