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DNA Barcoding for Identification of Consumer-Relevant Fungi Sold in New York: A Powerful Tool for Citizen Scientists?

机译:用于识别与消费者相关的真菌的DNA条形码在纽约出售:面向公民科学家的强大工具?

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摘要

Although significant progress has been made in our understanding of fungal diversity, identification based on phenotype can be difficult, even for trained experts. Fungi typically have a cryptic nature and can have a similar appearance to distantly related species. Moreover, the appearance of industrially processed mushrooms complicates species identification, as they are often sold sliced and dried. Here we present a small-scale citizen science project, wherein the participants generated and analyzed DNA sequences from fruiting bodies of dried and fresh fungi that were sold for commercial use in New York City supermarkets. We report positive outcomes and the limitations of a youth citizen scientist, aiming to identify dried mushrooms, using established DNA barcoding protocols and exclusively open-access data analysis tools for species identification. Our results indicate that the single-locus nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA barcoding approach allowed for identification of only a subset of all of the samples at the species level, although the generated high-quality DNA barcodes were submitted to three different databases. Our results highlight the need for a curated, centralized, and open access ITS reference database that allows rapid third-party annotations for the benefit of both traditional research as well as the emerging citizen science community.
机译:尽管我们对真菌多样性的理解已取得了重大进展,但即使对于受过训练的专家,也很难基于表型进行鉴定。真菌通常具有隐秘性质,并且可以具有与远缘物种相似的外观。而且,工业加工的蘑菇的外观使种类鉴定变得复杂,因为它们通常被切成薄片并干燥出售。在这里,我们提出了一个小型的公民科学项目,其中的参与者从干燥和新鲜真菌的子实体中生成并分析了DNA序列,这些序列在纽约市的超级市场中出售,用于商业用途。我们报告了积极的成果和青年公民科学家的局限性,旨在使用已建立的DNA条形码协议和专门用于物种识别的开放式数据分析工具来鉴定干蘑菇。我们的结果表明,尽管生成的高质量DNA条码已提交至三个不同的数据库,但单位点核糖体内部转录间隔区(ITS)DNA条码方法仅能识别物种级别所有样本的一个子集。 。我们的研究结果突出表明,需要有一个经过整理的,集中的,开放式的ITS参考数据库,该数据库可提供快速的第三方注释,以使传统研究以及新兴的公民科学界受益。

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